Since 2014, economic sanctions between Russia and Western nations have significantly altered the global seafood trade. The consequent decline in bilateral trade also had spillover effects on the rest of the world (ROW). According to earlier studies, economic sanctions appear to negatively impact bilateral trade and income. However, few studies examine how Russian sanctions affect the world as a whole and estimate their effects on the fisheries industry. This study seeks to close this gap by quantifying the extent to which Russian sanctions have impacted trade in terms of trade deflection, trade destruction, trade depression, and trade creation. To this end, panel data from 185 countries were created for the years from 2005 to 2020. With trade policy variables that account for changes in trade channels, a structural gravity trade model was specified. Based on calculations using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) fixed effect model, economic sanctions led to a 119.28% surge in Russia’s seafood imports from the rest of the world (ROW), alongside a 39% decline in imports from Western countries. The extent of trade deflection, which includes the exports of Western nations diverted from Russia to the ROW markets, increased by 5.49%. The results demonstrate that trade between sanctioned states, as well as global trade, is significantly impacted by economic sanctions.

This study investigates the relationship between Human Trophic Level (HTL) and trade openness within the context of seafood consumption patterns. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset spanning 1990 to 2019 and covering 168 countries, the study applies fixed effects and random effects models to uncover the dynamics between trade openness, seafood diversity, and socioeconomic factors. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between trade openness and HTL, demonstrating that increased access to diverse and high-trophic-level seafood products fosters improvements in national HTL. Additionally, economic development exhibits a non-linear relationship with HTL, where higher income initially drives a preference for high-trophic-level species, but dietary patterns diversify at advanced income levels. The study also highlights geographic disparities, with landlocked countries benefiting most from trade openness, while island and peninsula nations are influenced more by geographic and economic factors. These insights underscore the pivotal role of trade in shaping sustainable seafood consumption and provide actionable guidance for policymakers aiming to align economic growth with ecological sustainability.

This study investigates the relationship between Human Trophic Level (HTL) and trade openness within the context of seafood consumption patterns. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset spanning from 1990 to 2019 and covering 168 countries, this study applied fixed effects and random effects models to uncover the dynamics between trade openness, seafood diversity, and socioeconomic factors. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between trade openness and HTL, demonstrating that increased access to diverse and high-trophic-level seafood products fosters improvements in national HTL. Additionally, economic development exhibits a non-linear relationship with HTL, where higher income initially drives a preference for high-trophic-level species, but dietary patterns diversify at advanced income levels. This study also highlights geographic disparities, with landlocked countries benefiting most from trade openness, whereas island and peninsula nations are influenced more by geographic and economic factors. These insights underscore the pivotal role of trade in shaping sustainable seafood consumption and provide actionable guidance for policymakers aiming to align economic growth with ecological sustainability.