Industrial multiphase flows are typically characterized by coexisting morphologies. Modern simulation methods are well established for dispersed [e.g., Euler-Euler (E-E)] or resolved [e.g., volume-of-fluid (VOF)] interfacial structures. Hence, a morphology adaptive multifield two-fluid model is proposed that is able to handle dispersed and resolved interfacial structures coexisting in the computational domain with the same set of equations. An interfacial drag formulation for large interfacial structures is used to describe them in a VOF-like manner. For the dispersed structures, the baseline model developed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is applied. The functionality of the framework is demonstrated by investigating a single rising gas bubble in a stagnant water column, a two-dimensional stagnant stratification of water and oil sharing a large-scale interface that is penetrated by micro gas bubbles, and an isothermal countercurrent stratified flow case. Recent developments focus on the transition region, where bubbles are overresolved or underresolved either for E-E or for VOF. Furthermore, a concept is presented for the transition of oversized dispersed bubbles into the resolved phase.
27 May 2023 in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids
Morphology‐adaptive multiphase models are becoming more established for the numerical description of complex gas‐liquid flows adapting dynamically to the local flow morphology. In the present study, two different numerical methods originally designed for distinct flow morphologies are combined, namely the volume‐of‐fluid and the Euler–Euler method. Both edge cases have been proven to be capable of delivering reliable predictions in the respective use cases. The long‐term goal is to improve the prediction of gas‐liquid flows, regardless of the flow regime in a specific application. To capture the system dynamics with a given grid resolution, the flow fields need to be predicted as precise as possible, while the shape of structures such as gas bubbles need to be recovered adequately in topology and shape. The goal is to obtain reliable predictions on intermediate mesh resolutions rather than relying on fine meshes requiring more computational resources. Therefore, a procedure is proposed to locally measure the degree of resolution. With this information, the hydrodynamics in the interface region can be controlled by means of a dedicated interfacial drag formulation in order to improve simulation results across several levels of spatial resolution. A modified formulation of buoyancy is proposed to prevent unphysical oscillations of vertical velocity near a horizontal interface. The functionality is demonstrated in a three‐dimensional case of a gas bubble rising in stagnant liquid and in a co‐current stratified air‐water channel flow in two‐dimensional space. The choice of these different applications demonstrates the general applicability of the proposed model framework.