Seeds’ abundant biologically active compounds make them a suitable primary platform for the production of natural extracts, innovative foods, medicines, and cosmetics. High levels of industrial and agricultural residues and byproducts are generated during the processing of grapes, although some parts can also be repurposed. This paper examines the phytochemical composition, manufacturing processes, and health-improving attributes of many varieties of grape oil derived using various extraction methods. Since the results are influenced by a range of factors, they are expressed differently among studies, and the researchers employ a variety of measuring units, making it difficult to convey the results. The primary topics covered in most papers are grape seed oil’s lipophilic fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. In addition, new methods for extracting grape seed oil should therefore be designed; these methods must be affordable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly in order to increase the oil’s quality by extracting bioactive components and thereby increasing its biological activity in order to become part of the overall management of multiple diseases.

Grape seeds, which have an increased concentration of high-quality compounds in their oil, are the byproduct of the grape processing industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physico-chemical and bioactive profile of grape seed oil (GSO) obtained by extraction with n-hexane, using three different techniques and coming from two varieties of grapes. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability assessments, and CUPRAC and FRAP assays, were used to determine the oil’s antioxidant properties, whereas the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by applying an adapted version of the Folin–Ciocalteu technique. Utilizing a coupling method of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, 14 fatty acids have been identified by analyzing their methylated intermediates. GSOs were characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) (69.25–80.32%), of which linoleic acid stands out (66.97 and 79.88%), followed by monounsaturated acids (MUFAs) (16.64–19.59%), with the representative being oleic acid (15.20–17.86%) and then saturated acids (SFAs) (9.26–15.53%), through the palmitic acid (6.29–9.82%). GSO from Merlot samples recovered by MW had the greatest ratio of fatty acids with hypo-/hypercholesterolemia (H/H) values (14.09). The atherogenicity index and thrombogenicity index ranges for red GSO were 0.278–0.393 and 0.242–0.268, respectively, and for white GSO, 0.401–0.440 and 0.256–0.268, respectively. The oil from the red grape variety has the highest quantity of total polyphenols regardless of the extraction method (1.263–2.035 mg GAE/g vs. 0.918–1.013 mg GAE/g). Through the DPPH and FRAP methods, the results were similar (8.443–14.035 µmol TE/g oil and 6.981–13.387 µmol TE/g oil, respectively). The best results were obtained by the CUPRAC method (8.125–19.799 µmol TE/g oil). The assessment of the grape varieties revealed that they are appropriate for making edible GSO, which was endorsed by our results.

The paper presents the results obtained on preluvo-soil in Sâniob, Oradea, during 2007-2015. In order to maintain the soil water content between easily available water content and field capacity, the irrigation rate used was between 60 mm/ha and 470 mm/ha. Irrigation determined an increase of the total water consumption by 53% (712 mm/ha vs. 466 mm/ha). For the non-irrigated variant (71%) and for the irrigated one (46%), the rainfalls registered between 15 March-1 October yearly represented the main source of supplying the total water consumption, while irrigation supplied 40% of the total water consumption (with a variation range 11%-61%). The microsprinkler irrigation system led to a 30.6% yield gain, with a variation range of 15.8%-58.7%. It also determined a higher size index in comparison with the non-irrigated variant and a smaller percentage of kernels. All differences were statistically very significant. Several correlations were quantified in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system. The parameters of the system were: pedological drought, strong pedological drought and water consumption. All correlations were statistically very significant; the best mathematical expression was the polynomial function. Four methods (Penman Monteith, Pan, Piche and Thornthwaite evaporimeter methods) were studied to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in comparison with the optimal water consumption of the peach tree. As it was cheaper and easier to use, the Pan evaporation method was recommended in the irrigation scheduling, although the Penman Monteith method could have given more accurate results in assessing the optimal water consumption.

Chile contributes 4% of global hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) production, mainly developed in temperate regions with high autumn rainfall and humidity during harvest, which can compromise nut quality and increase postharvest losses. Thus, synchronizing harvests has become a critical aspect for growers in the southern region of Chile. This study focused on the effects of ethephon (ETH) spraying on trees to optimize nut drop timing and assess its impact on yield optimization and its influence on vegetative growth and inflorescence activity. From the 2020/2021 to the 2022/2023 seasons, experiments were conducted on a commercial hazelnut orchard of Tonda di Giffoni (TDG) planted in southern Chile. Four ETH (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg L⁻¹) treatments were sprayed 15 days preharvest and denoted as ETHA (sprayed 2020/2021) and ETHB (sprayed twice, in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Nut drop synchronization was periodically monitored at 7, 15, 21, 28, and 35 days after application (DAA), along with industrial quality parameters (nut weight, kernel yield) and inflorescence activity. In the first season, ETH significantly synchronized nut drops, achieving optimal results at 15–28 DAA with ETH 250 and 500, while ETH 1000 induced earlier drops but reduced yields. Total nut yield varied among seasons and demonstrated consistent performance of ETH 250, identified as the most efficient treatment for balancing nut drop timing. Industrial parameters showed seasonal differences but no adverse effects on nut quality. Conversely, the inflorescence activity remained unaffected by ETH concentrations. ETHA and ETHB treatments influenced tree shoot length variably across three seasons, showing significant concentration and seasonal interaction effects. These results demonstrate that ETH effectively synchronizes hazelnut harvests under temperate conditions, reducing post-harvest losses and optimizing logistics without compromising yield or quality.