Roses are popular ornamental plants all over the world. Rosa damascena Mill., also known as the damask rose, is a well-known scented rose species cultivated to produce essential oil. The essential oils obtained are high in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are in demand across the pharmaceutical, food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. Citronellol, nonadecane, heneicosane, caryophyllene, geraniol, nerol, linalool, and phenyl ethyl acetate are the most important components of the rose essential oil. Abiotic factors, including as environmental stress and stress generated by agricultural practises, frequently exert a selective impact on particular floral characteristics, hence influencing the overall quality and quantity of rose products. Additionally, it has been observed that the existence of stress exerts a notable impact on the chemical composition and abundance of aromatic compounds present in roses. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect the biosynthesis of VOCs, especially those representing the aroma and scent of rose, as a response to abiotic stress is important. This review provides comprehensive information on plant taxonomy, an overview of the volatolomics involving aromatic profiles, and describes the influence of abiotic stresses on the biosynthesis of the VOCs in damask rose.

Coffee is a renowned beverage derived from plants globally. In the coffee production process, coffee pulp is a by-product that is abundant in phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of coffee pulp extract (CPE) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates and eight chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design. These four dietary treatments included a basal diet with CPE of 0 (Control), 250 (CPE250), 500 (CPE500), and 1,000 (CPE1000) mg/kg diet for 35 days. The results showed that the body weight (BW) of the CPE500 group was significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared to the other groups at 35 days. Moreover, CPE500 increased the average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.004) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.008). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the blood biochemistry profile. In addition, the investigation on intestinal morphology showed that CPE supplementation enhanced villus height (VH) (P = 0.004), crypt depth (CD) (P < 0.05), and ratio of VH:CD (P < 0.05) in the duodenum. Dietary supplementation with CPE significantly increased the percentage of neck weight (P < 0.05) compared to the control groups. However, no significant effects of CPE supplementation were observed on the meat quality parameters of breast and thigh muscles, including pH, color, water-holding capacity, and tenderness (P > 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in thigh fat content was observed with CPE supplementation. In conclusion, CPE500 can improve the growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens despite the presence of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. This suggests that coffee pulp biomass could potentially be used as an alternative feed additive from agricultural biomass in broiler production.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and Thunbergia laurifolia extract (TLE) in the diets of Cherry Valley ducklings. Our investigation covered growth indicators, blood biochemical indices, meat quality, intestinal morphology, immune response, and CP450 enzyme-related gene expression. We conducted the study with 180 seven-day-old Cherry Valley ducks, randomly divided into five dietary treatments. These treatments included a basal diet without AFB₁ (T1 group), TLE, or a commercial binder; the basal diet containing 0.1 mg AFB₁/kg (T2 group), 0.1 mg AFB₁/kg and 100 mg TLE/kg (T3 group), 0.1 mg AFB₁/kg and 200 mg TLE/kg (T4 group), and 0.1 mg AFB₁/kg and 0.5 g/kg of a commercial binder (T5 group), respectively. Ducklings fed with the T2 diet exhibited lower final body weight (BW), average body weight gain (ADG), and poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the 42-day trials. However, all ducklings in the T3, T4, and T5 groups showed significant improvements in final BW, ADG, and FCR compared to the T2 group. Increased alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration and increased expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 indicated hepatotoxicity in ducklings fed the T2 diet. In contrast, ducklings fed T3, T4, and T5 diets all showed a decrease in the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, but only the T4 treatment group showed improvement in ALT concentration. AFB₁ toxicity considerably raised the crypt depth (CD) in both the duodenum and jejunum of the T2 group, while the administration of 200 mg TLE/kg (T4) or a commercial binder (T5) effectively reduced this toxicity. Additionally, the villus width of the jejunum in the T2 treatment group decreased significantly, while all T3, T4, and T5 groups showed improvement in this regard. In summary, T. laurifolia extract can detoxify aflatoxicosis, leading to growth reduction and hepatic toxicosis in Cherry Valley ducklings.

The utilization of mangosteen biomass not only solves environmental problems but also raises the value of agricultural waste. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) for enhancing the immunity and productivity of Thai native crossbred chickens on-farm. A total of 180 three-week-old chickens were divided into negative control and supplemented groups, with 1000 mg MPE/kg of diet. The safety of MPE was further confirmed by the absence of noticeable differences in mortality and biochemical parameters during the entire study period. The MPE-supplemented group displayed significant differences in the relative transcription levels of IL-10 compared to the basal diet group (p ≤ 0.01). Preslaughter body weight, average daily gain, and carcass weight in the MPE-supplemented group were higher than those in the basal diet group (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, MPE supplementation improved meat quality by enhancing the nutritional composition of protein and fat (p ≤ 0.05), as well as improving water-holding capacity, lowering boiling, and lowering grilling losses (p ≤ 0.01). These findings indicate that MPE can be an effective supplement for enhancing flock immunity, growth performance, and meat quality in poultry. This contributes to more sustainable agriculture and food security within agroecosystems.