Araştırma 2015 yılında Balıkesir ve Çanakkale illerinde buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot tohumlarının tür ve miktarlarını belirlemek amacıyla 93 farklı yerden alınan 1 kg’lık örneklerle yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda 1 kg ürüne ortalama, Balıkesir il genelinde 207 adet, ağırlık olarak ise 3.06 g yabancı ot tohumunun karıştığı, Çanakkale il genelinde ise 181 adet ve 2.98 g yabancı ot tohumu karıştığı hesaplanmıştır. Her iki ilde de buğday ürünü içerisine 15 familyaya ait 45 farklı yabancı ot tohumunun karıştığı belirlenmiştir. Balıkesir il genelinde sayısal olarak en fazla karışan yabancı ot tohumunun Sinapis arvensis L. (77.,53 adet/kg) olduğu belirlenirken, ağırlık olarak ise Hordeum vulgare L. (0.7034 g/kg) olduğu saptanmıştır. Çanakkale il genelinde buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot tohumları incelendiğinde; sayısal olarak Galium aparine L.’nin (35.18 adet/kg) en fazla karışan yabancı ot olduğu, ağırlık olarak ise H. vulgare (0.558 g/kg) en fazla buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot olduğu bulunmuştur.

Weed suppression is a crucial factor in sustainable agriculture, and optimizing plant mixtures can enhance weed control efficiency. This study evaluates the effects of different mixture ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on forage yield, biomass production, dry matter production, and weed suppression in organic forage cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted during the 2021–2022 growing season at two locations in Turkey: Ankara/Yenikent and Manisa/Beydere, using 11 mixture ratios ranging from 100% vetch to 100% ryegrass. Results showed that ryegrass-dominant mixtures, particularly 10% vetch/90% ryegrass and 30% vetch/70% ryegrass, achieved the highest forage and dry matter yields while maintaining effective weed suppression. Pure ryegrass systems (100% ryegrass) exhibited the highest overall productivity, whereas pure vetch (100% vetch) treatments were less effective in weed control and biomass production. Environmental differences between locations significantly influenced the performance of mixtures, with Manisa/Beydere yielding higher overall results. This study highlights the potential of optimizing vetch–ryegrass mixtures to balance forage yield, weed suppression, and adaptability in organic cropping systems, offering practical insights for sustainable forage production. Ryegrass-dominated mixtures (30% V 70% RG, 60% V 40% RG) have been shown to provide high yields, effective weed suppression, and better nutritional benefits than vetch.

This study aimed to evaluate the forage yield, quality, and weed suppression potential of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) grown as sole crops and in mixtures under organic farming conditions in Bilecik, Turkey, during the 2020–2021 growing season. The experiment included 15 treatments comprising monocultures and mixed sowing at different ratios. Measurements included morphological traits, forage yield components (green herbage, hay, and crude protein), fiber content, botanical composition, and weed biomass. The results reveal significant differences among treatments in terms of growth parameters and forage performance. Monocultures of IFVN 567 and Bartigra showed the highest green and hay yields, while mixtures such as IFVN 567 + Trinova and IFVN 567 + Bartigra outperformed in terms of land equivalent ratio (LER) and protein yield, demonstrating a clear advantage in land use efficiency. Furthermore, these mixtures showed superior weed suppression compared to monocultures. Overall, the findings suggest that carefully selected vetch–ryegrass combinations can enhance forage productivity, nutritional quality, and weed management under organic systems.

This study aimed to evaluate the forage yield, quality, and weed suppression potential of Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) grown as sole crops and in mixtures under organic farming conditions in Bilecik, Turkey, during the 2020–2021 growing season. The experiment included 15 treatments comprising monocultures and mixed sowing at different ratios. Measurements included morphological traits, forage yield components (green herbage, hay, and crude protein), fiber content, botanical composition, and weed biomass. Results revealed significant differences among treatments in terms of growth parameters and forage performance. Monocultures of IFVN 567 and Bartigra showed the highest green and hay yields. At the same time, mixtures such as IFVN 567+Trinova and IFVN 567+Bartigra outperformed in terms of land equivalent ratio (LER) and protein yield, demonstrating a clear advantage in land use efficiency. Furthermore, these mixtures showed superior weed suppression compared to monocultures. Overall, the findings suggest that carefully selected vetch–ryegrass combinations can enhance forage productivity, nutritional quality, and weed management under organic systems.

Weed suppression is a crucial factor in sustainable agriculture, and optimizing plant mixtures can enhance weed control efficiency. This study evaluates the effects of different mixture ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on forage yield, biomass production dry matter production, and weed suppression in organic forage cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted during the 2021-2022 growing season at two locations in Turkey: Ankara/Yenikent and Manisa/Beydere, using 11 mixture ratios ranging from 100% vetch to 100% ryegrass. Results showed that ryegrass-dominant mixtures, particularly 10% vetch / 90% ryegrass and 30% vetch / 70% ryegrass, achieved the highest forage and dry matter yields while maintaining effective weed suppression. Pure ryegrass systems (100% ryegrass) exhibited the highest overall productivity, whereas pure vetch (100% vetch) treatments were less effective in weed control and biomass production. Environmental differences between locations significantly influenced the performance of mixtures, with Manisa/Beydere yielding higher overall results. This study highlights the potential of optimizing vetch-ryegrass mixtures to balance forage yield, weed suppression, and adaptability in organic cropping systems, offering practical insights for sustainable forage production.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventional tillage and conservation tillage with some weed control applications on weed manifestation in organic vineyards. The organic vineyard experiment area was designed as main and sub-plots. The effects of some methods of conventional tillage, no-tillage, and conservation tillage on weed coverage, densities, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined in the organic vineyard experiment area. These tillage methods were applied in the main plots. A chisel and heavy-duty disk harrow were used for conservation tillage methods. The plough and disc harrow were also applied as conventional methods. Other allelopathic methods (olive mill wastewater, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) were applied as sub-plots in the experiment area. As a result of the statistical analysis of the values obtained in the study, the most effective method, the application of the plough and disc harrow, was determined for weed coverage and fresh and dry weight weeds in the main plots. The olive mill wastewater was also determined as the most effective application in the sub-plots. In terms of grape yield, the most effective method in the main plots was the plough + disc harrow application (6.8068 kg vinestock‒1). The planting of broccoli (6.4485 kg vinestock‒1) was determined as the most effective sub-plot application for grape yield.