Wearable sensors capable of simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological markers have the potential to dramatically reduce healthcare cost through early detection of diseases and accelerating rehabilitation processes. These skin-like sensors can deliver significant benefits thanks to their ability to continuously track various physiological indicators over extended periods. However, due to the high sensitivities of soft sensors to multiple stimuli, decoupling the effects of various physical stimuli associated with accurately pinpointing the contributions of individual physiological markers remains a huge challenge. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in multifunctional, skin-like wearable sensors, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms of signal transduction, microengineering designs, and their diverse applications in both health monitoring and human–machine interactions. It elaborates on the operational principles of various wearable sensors, such as triboelectric, resistive, piezoelectric, and capacitive sensors, each uniquely adept at detecting a range of stimuli. This article also examines recent advances in conceptualizations and methodologies for isolating specific stimuli from the mix of multiple physiological signals. Furthermore, this review highlights potential applications of these multimodal skin-like wearable sensors. Finally, opportunities and challenges facing multimodal wearable sensors are also discussed, exploring their potential in wearable intelligent systems tailored for diverse applications.

The flower of S. japonica is a favorite food and used as traditional medicine. In the present study, a facile and effective method based on the changes in the composition before and after the enzyme reaction was established to screen the active compounds from complex natural products. The separation of an active compound from the ethanolic extracts of Sophora japonica var. violacea, which exhibited the α-amylase inhibitory activity is presented as an example. The analysis of HPLC showed that one component was reduced by 25% after the enzyme reaction. The potential active compound was isolated via LH-20 gel permeation chromatography and identified as kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside by ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The in vitro test indicated that the compound had the α-amylase inhibitory activity, and the IC₅₀ was 88.56 ± 0.60 μg mL⁻¹. The molecular docking study of this compound showed that the compound enfolded in the active sites of α-amylase completely and interacted with the amino acid residues through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals force and hydrophobic interactions.