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Mixed species forest stands have been advocated over monoculture stands for afforestation around the globe as they can be more resilient to pests and diseases. However, in arid and semi-arid regions, whether such forests are suitable for future climate conditions remains to be addressed. The overall objective of this study is to analyze ecohydrological processes of indigenous, drought-tolerant tree species in a Mediterranean mixed plantation forest. The specific objectives are i) to quantify transpiration of pine (Pinus brutia) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees and ii) to analyze the effects of environmental variables (meteorology and soil moisture) on transpiration. The study site is located in Athalassa Forest Park, in Cyprus. The site has a surface area of 10 ha with an average slope of 4%. Average annual rainfall is 315 mm with a mean daily minimum temperature of 5° C during winter and a mean daily maximum temperature of 37° C during summer. The site was converted in 2011 from rainfed agriculture to a mixed forest by planting seedlings of different tree and shrub species. The study site is located on two sedimentary formations: Athalassa (calcarenites interlayered with sandy marls) and Nicosia (siltstones and layers of calcarenites). Soil depths up to 1 m can be found on top of the impervious and semi-pervious strata.
The research field was stratified in two spatial geological units (strata). In each stratum, two P. brutia and two C. sempervirens trees were randomly selected (total eight trees) for sap flow monitoring with sensors (heat ratio method) attached to the tree trunks. In addition to the random trees, two representative (one per species) neighboring trees were selected where sap-flow sensors were installed and mid-day leaf water potential (pressure chamber) and stomatal conductance (porometer) were measured. Forty-five soil moisture sensors were installed between the representative trees at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm.
Data from November 2020 to January 2021 indicated that mean sap flow rate per tree (cm3 h-1) is higher for C. sempervirens (min: 161, max: 503) than P. brutia (min: 68, max: 266). Total rainfall during these months was 88 mm, most of which fell in three main rainfall events (between 20 and 30 mm per event). Mean soil moisture before rain (15-day average) was 5% for all soil depths. After the rain, soil moisture was 12% for 10 and 30 cm depths and 8% for 50 cm. The increase in soil moisture resulted in 1.6 times higher transpiration for C. sempervirens and 1.4 times higher transpiration for P. brutia. The leaf water potential of C. sempervirens increased from -2.6 MPa before the rain to -0.8 MPa after the rain, whereas it remained near -0.5 MPa for P. brutia. This research of the different plant water-use strategies can contribute to an improved selection of species for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions.
This research has received support from the Water JPI (Joint Call 2018) FLUXMED Project, funded through the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation.
Hakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Marinos Eliades; Panagiota Venetsanou; Christos Zoumides; Melpomeni Siakou. Transpiration rates of pine (Pinus brutia) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees in a Mediterranean mixed plantation forest . 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHakan Djuma, Adriana Bruggeman, Marinos Eliades, Panagiota Venetsanou, Christos Zoumides, Melpomeni Siakou. Transpiration rates of pine (Pinus brutia) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees in a Mediterranean mixed plantation forest . . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Marinos Eliades; Panagiota Venetsanou; Christos Zoumides; Melpomeni Siakou. 2021. "Transpiration rates of pine (Pinus brutia) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees in a Mediterranean mixed plantation forest ." , no. : 1.
The water storage in soil is a dynamic process that changes with soil, vegetation and climate properties. Water retention curves, that describe the relationship between the soil water content (θ) and the soil water potential (ψ), are used to model soil water flow and root water uptake by the plants. The overall objective of this study is to derive the retention curves of soils at two forested (Agia Marina, Platania) and two irrigated (Galata, Strakka) sites in Cyprus from in-situ soil moisture and soil water potential observations.
The long-term (1980 – 2010) average annual rainfall at Strakka olive grove (255 m elevation), Agia Marina P. brutia forest (640 m), Galata peach orchard (784 m) and Platania P. brutia forest (1160 m) is 298, 425, 502 and 839 mm, respectively. The average soil depth at Agia Marina is 14 cm, while at other sites it is around 1 m. We installed a total of 18 TEROS21 soil water potential sensors, 37 5TM and 19 SMT100 soil moisture sensors, at different soil depths at the four sites.
Results from January 2019 to January 2021 show differences in the water retention curves of the four sites due to different soil textures. At the forested sites, θ reached wilting point at the summer period, indicating that trees extend their roots beyond the soil profile, to the bedrock in order to survive. At the irrigated sites, θ exceeds field capacity during irrigation, indicating over-irrigation. We found different water retention relations after rainfall and after irrigation, indicating that irrigation has an uneven spatial distribution. These findings suggest that the irrigation in these fields is not optimal and farmers may need to increase the number of irrigation drippers, while reducing the irrigation amount per dripper. From a monitoring perspective, increasing the number of sensors may give a better representation of the soil moisture conditions.
The research has received financial support from the ERANETMED3 program, as part of the ISOMED project (Environmental Isotope Techniques for Water Flow Accounting), funded through the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation.
Marinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Melpomeni Siakou; Panagiota Venetsanou; Christos Zoumides; Christof Huebner. Soil water dynamics in forested and irrigated sites in Cyprus . 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMarinos Eliades, Adriana Bruggeman, Hakan Djuma, Melpomeni Siakou, Panagiota Venetsanou, Christos Zoumides, Christof Huebner. Soil water dynamics in forested and irrigated sites in Cyprus . . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Melpomeni Siakou; Panagiota Venetsanou; Christos Zoumides; Christof Huebner. 2021. "Soil water dynamics in forested and irrigated sites in Cyprus ." , no. : 1.
Extensive areas of arable land have been abandoned in many countries around the world, especially in the Mediterranean region. The overall goal of this study is to assess the effects of agricultural land abandonment on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and stocks in a Mediterranean mountain environment. The specific objectives are (i) to quantify differences in SOC concentrations in top 25-cm soil in productive agricultural areas, abandoned agricultural areas and state forests; (ii) to quantify SOC stocks in productive and abandoned terraced vineyards up to the bedrock or to a maximum depth of 80 cm and (iii) to analyze the effect of time of abandonment on the SOC stocks of the vineyards. Top soil SOC concentrations from 826 sampling points covering 2374 km2 of mountainous areas (Troodos Mountains, Cyprus) with a variety of land covers were used. SOC stocks were determined from soil samples, which were collected up to the bedrock, where possible, from 24 productive and abandoned terraced vineyards (paired-sites). The Loss-on-Ignition method and an elemental carbon analyzer were used for SOC concentrations. Coarse fragment corrections were made for SOC stock calculations. Time of abandonment was estimated with aerial photos taken in 1963 and 1993. The average SOC concentration in the top soil (0–25 cm) ranged between 1.7% in state forests to 1.0% in productive agricultural land, while the mean value of abandoned fields was 1.3%. Regarding SOC in the top soil (0–10-cm) of paired vineyards, concentrations were higher in abandoned (1.4% SOC) than in productive sites (0.9% SOC), with a statistical significance level 30 cm) and coarse fragment corrections for quantifying SOC stock. Despite higher SOC concentrations for abandoned sites, SOC stock calculations resulted in similar mean SOC stock values for productive and abandoned terraced vineyards, indicating the importance of erosional and depositional processes in such landscapes.
Hakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Andreas Zissimos; Irene Christoforou; Marinos Eliades; Christos Zoumides. The effect of agricultural abandonment and mountain terrace degradation on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape. CATENA 2020, 195, 104741 .
AMA StyleHakan Djuma, Adriana Bruggeman, Andreas Zissimos, Irene Christoforou, Marinos Eliades, Christos Zoumides. The effect of agricultural abandonment and mountain terrace degradation on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape. CATENA. 2020; 195 ():104741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Andreas Zissimos; Irene Christoforou; Marinos Eliades; Christos Zoumides. 2020. "The effect of agricultural abandonment and mountain terrace degradation on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape." CATENA 195, no. : 104741.
Visual soil erosion assessment methods and erosion models are widely applied around the globe. The objective of this research is to assess the relation between soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations (sampled) and two different soil erosion estimates (visual assessment and model). For the visual assessment, the method of the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) was used, which is based on expert field observations per land cover unit. For the model assessment, the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) model was used to simulate hill slope soil loss based on land cover, soil texture, meteorological data and slope profile. The research was conducted in Peristerona watershed in Cyprus (surface area: 106.4 km2, elevation: 300 to 1,540 m above sea level, average annual precipitation: 270 mm downstream and 750 mm upstream). The WOCAT questionnaires were completed by a trained specialist during site visits for 79 mapping units in 15 different land cover types. These results were compared with SOC concentrations from 29 points in the same watershed (0-25 cm depth, grid-based sampling, variety of land covers). For erosion modelling comparison, SOC concentrations from 11 paired sites of productive and abandoned terraced vineyards (0-10 cm depth, random sampling) were compared to the PESERA estimates of the same sites. A transect was drawn from the slope top to the SOC sampling point and erosion was estimated for the slope section where sampling was performed. Both the visual assessment and the modelling method showed that SOC concentrations were lower for areas with higher soil erosion. The mean SOC concentration was 1.7% (n=19) for areas ranked as “light erosion” in the WOCAT assessment and was 0.8% (n=10) for areas ranked as “moderate erosion”. Similarly, the abandoned sites that showed higher PESERA estimated erosion than the productive sites (more than 10 times higher erosion rate (n=2)) had lower SOC concentrations than their productive counterpart (half the SOC concentrations). The SOC concentrations almost doubled for abandoned sites compared to the productive sites when PESERA estimated erosion went from 10 times more to 5 times more (n=6) for the abandoned sites. Results from both methods indicate that soil erosion rates and top soil SOC concentrations are related and need to be considered in erosion models.
Hakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Marinos Eliades. Visual assessments and model estimations of soil erosion and relations to soil organic carbon. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleHakan Djuma, Adriana Bruggeman, Marinos Eliades. Visual assessments and model estimations of soil erosion and relations to soil organic carbon. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Marinos Eliades. 2020. "Visual assessments and model estimations of soil erosion and relations to soil organic carbon." , no. : 1.
Quantifying rainfall interception can be a difficult task because the canopy storage has high spatial and temporal variability. The aim of this study is to examine the sensitivity of three commonly used rainfall interception models (Rutter, Gash and Liu) to the canopy storage capacity (S) and to the free throughfall coefficient (p). The research was carried out in a semi-arid Pinus brutia forest, located in Cyprus. One meteorological station and 15 manual throughfall gauges were used to measure throughfall and to compute rainfall interception for the period between January 2008 and July 2016. Additionally, one automatic and 28 manual throughfall gauges were installed in July 2016. We ran the models for different sets of canopy parameter values and evaluated their performances with the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the bias, for the calibration period (July 2016 - December 2019). We validated the models for the period between January 2008 and July 2016. During the calibration period, the models were tested with different temporal resolutions (hourly and daily). Total rainfall and rainfall interception during the calibration period were 1272 and 264 mm, respectively. The simplified Rutter model with the hourly interval showed a decrease of the NSE with an increase of the free throughfall coefficient. The bias of the model was near zero for a canopy storage between 2 and 2.5 mm and a free throughfall coefficient between 0.4 and 0.7. The Rutter model was less sensitive to changes in the canopy parameters than the other two models. The bias of the daily Gash and Liu models was more sensitive to the free throughfall coefficients than to the canopy storage capacity. The bias of these models was near zero for free throughfall coefficients over 0.7. The daily Gash and Liu models show high NSE values (0.93 – 0.96) for a range of different canopy parameter values (S: 0.5 – 4.0, p: 0 – 0.9). Zero bias was achieved for a canopy storage capacity of 2 mm and above and a free throughfall coefficient between 0 and 0.7. Total rainfall and rainfall interception during the validation period were 3488 and 1039 mm, respectively. The Gash model performed better than the Liu model when the optimal parameter set (highest NSE, zero bias) was used. The interception computed with the Gash model was 987 mm, while 829 mm with the Liu model. This study showed that there is a range of canopy parameter values that can be used to achieve high model performance of rainfall interception models.
Marinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Maciek W. Lubczynski. How sensitive are rainfall interception models to the canopy parameters of semi-arid forests? 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMarinos Eliades, Adriana Bruggeman, Hakan Djuma, Maciek W. Lubczynski. How sensitive are rainfall interception models to the canopy parameters of semi-arid forests? . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Maciek W. Lubczynski. 2020. "How sensitive are rainfall interception models to the canopy parameters of semi-arid forests?" , no. : 1.
We introduce a field survey method to assess the conservation condition of landscapes. Using a popular rapid assessment format, this study defines observable “stressed states” identified through the use of general metrics to gauge landscape degradation. Fifteen metrics within six thematic categories were selected through a literature review and extensive field trials. Field tests on the Greek island of Samothraki show a strong correlation between a single expert’s scores and five assessor’s scores at 35 landscape sites. Only three of the metrics did not maintain a high consistency among assessors; however, this is explained by the difficulty of interpreting certain anthropogenic stressors (such as livestock grazing) in Mediterranean semi-natural landscapes with culturally-modified vegetation patterns. The protocol and proposed index, with five conservation condition classes, identified areas of excellent and good quality, and reliably distinguished the most degraded landscape conditions on the island. Uncertainties and difficulties of the index are investigated, and further research and validation are proposed. The protocol effectively goes beyond a traditional visual aesthetic assessment; it can be used both by experts and non-scientists as a conservation-relevant multi-disciplinary procedure to support a holistic landscape diagnosis. The combination of an on-site experiential survey and its simple integrative format may be useful as a screening-level index, and for promoting local participation, landscape literacy and educational initiatives.
Vassiliki Vlami; Stamatis Zogaris; Hakan Djuma; Ioannis Kokkoris; George Kehayias; Panayotis Dimopoulos. A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP). Sustainability 2019, 11, 2019 .
AMA StyleVassiliki Vlami, Stamatis Zogaris, Hakan Djuma, Ioannis Kokkoris, George Kehayias, Panayotis Dimopoulos. A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP). Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVassiliki Vlami; Stamatis Zogaris; Hakan Djuma; Ioannis Kokkoris; George Kehayias; Panayotis Dimopoulos. 2019. "A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP)." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2019.
This study aims to examine interactions between tree characteristics, sap flow, and environmental variables in an open Pinus brutia (Ten.) forest with shallow soil. We examined radial and azimuthal variations of sap flux density (Jp), and also investigated the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution mechanisms, quantified nocturnal tree transpiration, and analyzed the total water use of P. brutia trees during a three-year period. Sap flow and soil moisture sensors were installed onto and around eight trees, situated in the foothills of the Troodos Mountains, Cyprus. Radial observations showed a linear decrease of sap flux densities with increasing sapwood depth. Azimuthal differences were found to be statistically insignificant. Reverse sap flow was observed during low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and negative air temperatures. Nocturnal sap flow was about 18% of the total sap flow. Rainfall was 507 mm in 2015, 359 mm in 2016, and 220 mm in 2017. Transpiration was 53%, 30%, and 75%, respectively, of the rainfall in those years, and was affected by the distribution of the rainfall. The trees showed an immediate response to rainfall events, but also exploited the fractured bedrock. The transpiration and soil moisture levels over the three hydrologically contrasting years showed that P. brutia is well-adapted to semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.
Marinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Maciek W. Lubczynski. Tree Water Dynamics in a Semi-Arid, Pinus brutia Forest. Water 2018, 10, 1039 .
AMA StyleMarinos Eliades, Adriana Bruggeman, Hakan Djuma, Maciek W. Lubczynski. Tree Water Dynamics in a Semi-Arid, Pinus brutia Forest. Water. 2018; 10 (8):1039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Maciek W. Lubczynski. 2018. "Tree Water Dynamics in a Semi-Arid, Pinus brutia Forest." Water 10, no. 8: 1039.
Pines in semi-arid mountain environments manage to survive and thrive despite the limited soil water, due to shallow soil depths, and overall water scarcity. This study aims to develop a method for computing soil evaporation, bedrock water uptake and transpiration from a natural, open forest, based on sap flow (Heat Ratio Method), soil moisture and meteorological observations. The water balance of individual trees was conceptualized with a geometric approach, using canopy projected areas and Voronoi (Thiesen) polygons. The canopy approach assumes that the tree’s root area extent is equal to its canopy projected area, while the Voronoi approach assumes that the tree roots exploit the open area that is closer to the tree than to any other tree. The methodology was applied in an open Pinus Brutia forest (68% canopy cover) in Cyprus, characterized by steep slopes and fractured bedrock, during two hydrologically contrasting years (2015 wet, 2016 dry). Sap flow sensors, soil moisture sensors, throughfall and stemflow gauges were installed on and around eight trees. Rainfall was 507 mm in 2015 and 359 mm in 2016. According to the canopy approach, the sum of tree transpiration and soil evaporation exceeded the throughfall in both years, which implies that the trees’ bedrock water uptake exceeds the surface runoff and drainage losses. This indicated that trees extend their roots beyond the canopy-projected areas and the use of the Voronoi polygons captures this effect. According to the stand scale water balance, average throughfall during the two years was 81% of the rainfall. Transpiration was 61% of the rainfall in 2015, but only 32% in 2016. On the contrary, the soil evaporation fraction increased from 26% in 2015 to 35% in the dry year of 2016. The contribution of bedrock water to tree transpiration was 77% of rainfall in 2015 and 66% in 2016. During the summer months, trees relied 100% on the uptake of water from the fractured bedrock to cover their transpiration needs. Average monthly transpiration areas ranged between 0.1 mm d-1 in October 2016 and 1.7 mm d-1 in April 2015. This study shows that bedrock uptake could be an essential water balance component of semi-arid, mountainous pine forests and should be accounted for in hydrologic models.
Marinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Maciek W. Lubczynski; Andreas Christou; Corrado Alberto Sigfrido Camera; Hakan Djuma. The water balance components of Mediterranean pine trees on a steep mountain slope during two hydrologically contrasting years. Journal of Hydrology 2018, 562, 712 -724.
AMA StyleMarinos Eliades, Adriana Bruggeman, Maciek W. Lubczynski, Andreas Christou, Corrado Alberto Sigfrido Camera, Hakan Djuma. The water balance components of Mediterranean pine trees on a steep mountain slope during two hydrologically contrasting years. Journal of Hydrology. 2018; 562 ():712-724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarinos Eliades; Adriana Bruggeman; Maciek W. Lubczynski; Andreas Christou; Corrado Alberto Sigfrido Camera; Hakan Djuma. 2018. "The water balance components of Mediterranean pine trees on a steep mountain slope during two hydrologically contrasting years." Journal of Hydrology 562, no. : 712-724.
Despite the widespread presence of groundwater recharge check dams, there are few studies that quantify their functionality. The objectives of this study are (i) to assess groundwater recharge in an ephemeral river with and without a check dam and (ii) to assess sediment build-up in the check-dam reservoir. Field campaigns were carried out to measure water flow, water depth, and check-dam topography to establish water volume, evaporation, outflow, and recharge relations, as well as sediment build-up. To quantify the groundwater recharge, a water-balance approach was applied at two locations: at the check dam reservoir area and at an 11 km long natural stretch of the river upstream. Prediction intervals were computed to assess the uncertainties of the results. During the four years of operation, the check dam (storage capacity of 25,000 m3) recharged the aquifer with an average of 3.1 million m3 of the 10.4 million m3 year−1 of streamflow (30%). The lower and upper uncertainty limits of the check dam recharge were 0.1 and 9.6 million m3 year−1, respectively. Recharge from the upstream stretch was 1.5 million m3 year−1. These results indicate that check dams are valuable structures for increasing groundwater resources in semi-arid regions.
Hakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Corrado Camera; Marinos Eliades; Konstantinos Kostarelos. The Impact of a Check Dam on Groundwater Recharge and Sedimentation in an Ephemeral Stream. Water 2017, 9, 813 .
AMA StyleHakan Djuma, Adriana Bruggeman, Corrado Camera, Marinos Eliades, Konstantinos Kostarelos. The Impact of a Check Dam on Groundwater Recharge and Sedimentation in an Ephemeral Stream. Water. 2017; 9 (10):813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Corrado Camera; Marinos Eliades; Konstantinos Kostarelos. 2017. "The Impact of a Check Dam on Groundwater Recharge and Sedimentation in an Ephemeral Stream." Water 9, no. 10: 813.
Christos Zoumides; Adriana Bruggeman; Elias Giannakis; Corrado Camera; Hakan Djuma; Marinos Eliades; Katerina Charalambous. Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus. Land Degradation & Development 2016, 28, 95 -105.
AMA StyleChristos Zoumides, Adriana Bruggeman, Elias Giannakis, Corrado Camera, Hakan Djuma, Marinos Eliades, Katerina Charalambous. Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus. Land Degradation & Development. 2016; 28 (1):95-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristos Zoumides; Adriana Bruggeman; Elias Giannakis; Corrado Camera; Hakan Djuma; Marinos Eliades; Katerina Charalambous. 2016. "Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 1: 95-105.
In arid and semi-arid regions, water erosion is difficult to model due to highly irregular precipitation regimes and changes in vegetation cover. The application of quantitative, process-based models at the catchment scale is often problematic due to large data requirements. Qualitative methods require less data and can be more easily performed in relatively short time but they are more subjective. The objective of this research is to develop an erosion assessment methodology that combines qualitative field surveys with quantitative model estimates. The qualitative WOCAT methodology is based on expert observations per mapping unit, while the PESERA model simulates hill-slope soil loss based on land cover, soil texture, meteorological data and slope profile. This study was conducted in the 106.4-km2 Peristerona watershed in Cyprus with a mean local slope higher than 40% in the mountainous upstream area and less than 8% in the plain. Out of 68 units, PESERA and WOCAT results were in agreement in 40 units, while PESERA results were lower in 25 and higher in 3 units. Both methods identified burnt areas and complex cultivation patterns as the most degraded. The total PESERA-based sediment yield for the watershed was 1.2 Mg ha-1 y-1, which fell within the range of the sediment yield measured at the check-dam downstream (0.2 to 2 Mg ha-1 y-1). This study provides a linkage between qualitative and quantitative soil erosion methods and helps to translate the outcomes of the former into the latter, thus providing a good tool for local erosion assessment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Corrado Camera; Christos Zoumides. Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Soil Erosion Assessments: An Application in a Sloping Mediterranean Watershed, Cyprus. Land Degradation & Development 2016, 28, 243 -254.
AMA StyleHakan Djuma, Adriana Bruggeman, Corrado Camera, Christos Zoumides. Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Soil Erosion Assessments: An Application in a Sloping Mediterranean Watershed, Cyprus. Land Degradation & Development. 2016; 28 (1):243-254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakan Djuma; Adriana Bruggeman; Corrado Camera; Christos Zoumides. 2016. "Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Soil Erosion Assessments: An Application in a Sloping Mediterranean Watershed, Cyprus." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 1: 243-254.
Despite the plethora of irrigation scheduling decision support systems that have been developed over the past decades, there is little evidence of widespread adoption by farmers. This paper investigates the structural, institutional and political rigidities that affect the adoption of irrigation scheduling technologies in southern European countries and highlights the corresponding opportunities. The recent implementation of water pricing policies, as required under the European Water Framework Directive, could motivate farmers to invest in technologies for improving water management. A review of irrigation water prices in southern Europe found a large range of prices both within and between countries, from 0.054–0.645 €/m3 (Greece) to 0.23–1.50 €/m3 (France). However, inadequate monitoring infrastructure and a lack of political will to impose the new water prices are giving a mixed signal to farmers. An ageing and poorly trained farm population, small farm size and low level of farm investment also impede the uptake of irrigation technologies. Within this context, European-funded research needs to consider these constraints and pay closer attention to the conversion of knowledge and innovation into successful commercial products.
Elias Giannakis; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Jerzy Kozyra; Jürg Hammer. Water pricing and irrigation across Europe: opportunities and constraints for adopting irrigation scheduling decision support systems. Water Supply 2015, 16, 245 -252.
AMA StyleElias Giannakis, Adriana Bruggeman, Hakan Djuma, Jerzy Kozyra, Jürg Hammer. Water pricing and irrigation across Europe: opportunities and constraints for adopting irrigation scheduling decision support systems. Water Supply. 2015; 16 (1):245-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElias Giannakis; Adriana Bruggeman; Hakan Djuma; Jerzy Kozyra; Jürg Hammer. 2015. "Water pricing and irrigation across Europe: opportunities and constraints for adopting irrigation scheduling decision support systems." Water Supply 16, no. 1: 245-252.
H. Djuma; A. Bruggeman; M. Eliades; M.A. Lange. Non-conventional water resources research in semi-arid countries of the Middle East. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2014, 57, 2290 -2303.
AMA StyleH. Djuma, A. Bruggeman, M. Eliades, M.A. Lange. Non-conventional water resources research in semi-arid countries of the Middle East. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2014; 57 (5):2290-2303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Djuma; A. Bruggeman; M. Eliades; M.A. Lange. 2014. "Non-conventional water resources research in semi-arid countries of the Middle East." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 5: 2290-2303.