Four novel compounds—two phenylpropionamides, one piperidine, and one phenolic derivatives—were isolated and identified from the fruit of a medicinal plant, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), together with one known phenylpropionamide, 13 known phenols, and 10 flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2-hydroxy-N-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)phenyl]propionamide (1), 2-hydroxy-N-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)phenyl]propionamide (2), 2β-carboxyl-piperidine-4β-acetic acid methyl ester (4), and 4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O-[6-(hydrogen-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioate)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (5) based on spectroscopic analysis. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using the leaf-disc method. Among the compounds isolated, arbutin (6), β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-arbutin (7), 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (10), and corilagin (18) showed moderate inhibition against TMV with IC₅₀ values of 0.49, 0.51, 0.27, and 0.45 mM, respectively.

The fermentation and isolation of metabolites produced by an endophytic fungus, which was identified as Phomopsis sp. FJBR-11, based on phylogenetic analysis, led to the identification of six compounds, including dothiorelones A–C, and H, and cytosporones C and U. Among these compounds, cytosporone U exhibited potent inhibitory activity against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Moreover, the crude and a purified exopolysaccharide were proved to possess strong inhibitory effects against the virus infection.

A new phenolic derivative, 4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), and a new terpenylated coumarin, named altissimacoumarin H (2) were identified from the fruit of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), together with ten known compounds (3–12), including two coumarins and eight phenylpropanoids. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical method and spectroscopic data. Antiviral effect against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) of all the compounds obtained were evaluated using leaf-disc method.

A new Erythrina alkaloid glycoside, named erythraline-11β-O-glucopyranoside, was isolated from the seeds of Erythrina crista-galli L., together with five known Erythrina alkaloids and an indole alkaloid. The structure of the new alkaloid glycoside was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and all of the compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus.

Five new taraxerene-type triterpenes, 2-nor-D-friedoolean-14-en-28-ol (1), 2-nor-d-friedoolean-14-en-3α,28-diol (2), 6α-hydroxy-2-nor-D-friedoolean-14-en-3,21-dione (3), 6α,11α,29-trihydroxy-D-friedoolean-14-en-3,16,21-trione (4), and 6α,23,29-trihydroxy-D-friedoolean-14-en-3,16,21-trione (5), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the branch barks of Davidia involucrata, together with five known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by means of various spectroscopic analyses. Five of the identified compounds showed moderate cytotoxicities against the cell proliferation of SGC-7901, MCF-7, and BEL-7404.