Behçet’s disease (BD) is a complex, recurring inflammatory disorder with autoinflammatory and autoimmune components. This comprehensive review aims to explore BD’s pathogenesis, focusing on established genetic factors. Studies reveal that HLA-B*51 is the primary genetic risk factor, but non-HLA genes (ERAP1, IL-10, IL23R/IL-12RB2), as well as innate immunity genes (FUT2, MICA, TLRs), also contribute. Genome-wide studies emphasize the significance of ERAP1 and HLA-I epistasis. These variants influence antigen presentation, enzymatic activity, and HLA-I peptidomes, potentially leading to distinct autoimmune responses. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies exploring the association between HLA-B*51 and BD and further highlighted the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in BD. Dysregulations in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Th1 ratios, heightened clonal cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, and reduced T regulatory cells characterize BD’s complex immune responses. Various immune cell types (neutrophils, γδ T cells, natural killer cells) further contribute by releasing cytokines (IL-17, IL-8, GM-CSF) that enhance neutrophil activation and mediate interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. In summary, this review advances our understanding of BD pathogenesis while acknowledging the research limitations. Further exploration of genetic interactions, immune dysregulation, and immune cell roles is crucial. Future studies may unveil novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering improved management for this complex disease.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic condition that can overwhelm patients, and the effectiveness of supplementary dietary treatments remains uncertain. The primary aim of this review is to explore the connection between diet and HS progression. However, it is imperative to note that the evidence supporting a substantial role of the diet in HS remains weak. Dietary alterations alone should not be considered independent solutions for managing HS. Medical therapy continues to be indispensable for adequate treatment. Research indicates that the Mediterranean lifestyle and diet may provide cost‐effective and beneficial adjustments when combined with traditional therapies. Conversely, foods with a high glycemic index and dairy could worsen HS symptoms, conceivably through mechanisms linked to insulin resistance and inflammation. Zinc, known for its antioxidant properties, shows promise as an adjunct therapy. Moreover, evidence suggests a connection between vitamin D deficiency and HS severity, although the findings are inconclusive. Brewer's yeast‐free diet, B12 supplementation, intermittent fasting, and reducing the intake of refined sugar and dairy merit further investigation. In conclusion, this review highlights the need for additional research because of the lack of standardized reporting of clinical effects in the studies under scrutiny. A deeper exploration of the pathophysiology focusing on dietary modifications and their potential associations with HS severity is essential. Furthermore, it is crucial to recognize that patients' willingness to experiment with new diets makes them vulnerable to fraudulent interventions, highlighting the importance of evidence‐based dietary guidance.

Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with an inability to repair UV‐induced DNA damage. This can lead to the development of neoplasms affecting multiple organ systems, with onset often in childhood. Unfortunately, no cure currently exists for XP, and management strategies focus on sun protection and early intervention for malignancies. Although most skin problems in XP patients are UV induced, various oral lesions are also described. However, the literature has not extensively characterized the oral manifestations and their prognostic significance.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review to evaluate the prevalence and nature of oral mucosal lesions in pediatric XP patients.Results: Our literature search yielded 130 pediatric XP patients with oral involvement and 210 associated tumoral or non‐tumoral lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of oral mucosal tumor reported, with other malignancies including basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and trichilemmal carcinoma.Conclusion: Given the potential morbidity and mortality associated with oral mucosal tumors in XP patients, our study aims to raise awareness of these manifestations. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these lesions effectively, and routine oral exams should be considered a critical component of dermatological evaluations for XP patients, especially in the pediatric age group.

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common condition associated with a substantial burden on patients and society, characterized by persistent symptoms and reduced sense of life control. Although existing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess disease activity and quality of life, they largely reflect the current disease state, and evidence on CU's long‐term impact on major life‐changing decisions (MLCDs) remains scarce. Objectives: To evaluate CU's long‐term impact on MLCDs and assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish MLCDP. Methods: The MLCDP is a 32‐item questionnaire assessing the impact of chronic diseases on MLCDs across five domains. A linguistically validated Turkish version was developed using a forward–backward translation process. In this multicentre cross‐sectional study, 111 Turkish‐speaking CU patients (≥ 16 years) completed the MLCDP and other PROMs during follow‐up visits. Results: CU affected at least one MLCD in 79.3%, impacting social (77, 69.4%), physical (63, 56.8%), job/career (41, 36.9%), family/relationships (23, 20.7%) and education (9, 8.1%) domains. The most commonly affected decisions of each domain were changing eating habits (67, 60.4%), not taking part in any sport activities (35, 31.5%), working flexible hours (26, 23.4%), not having a sexual relationship (16, 14.4%) and studying near home (6, 5.4%), respectively. Patients with disease onset ≤ 45 years had higher rates of at least one affected MLCD than those > 45 years (74, 82.2% vs. 10, 58.8%, p < 0.05). Similarly, patients with an emergency referral in the last year (30, 93.8% vs. 58, 74.4%) and those who missed school/workdays in the last year (24, 100% vs. 64, 73.6%) showed higher rates of at least one affected MLCD compared with those without (all p < 0.05). Limitations: The small sample size, single‐cohort cross‐sectional design, lack of controls, self‐reported measures, inclusion of patients with short disease duration and unassessed potential confounders such as comorbidities, medications and personality traits. Conclusions: CU has a long‐term impact on major life‐changing decisions, especially in social, physical, and job/career decisions of the patients. Younger patients and those with severe disease are particularly affected.