Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global problem. The effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on metabolism in humans is postulated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of WBC on asprosin concentrations, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, asprosin, insulin-resistance indices (HOMA-IR, Quicki), the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Determination was carried out after 30 WBCs (3 min, −120 °C), applied in six series of five treatments, with 2-day breaks in postmenopausal women with T2DM and the results were compared to changes in postmenopausal women without T2DM (CON). Blood was collected before 1 WBC (T0), after 30 WBCs (T1) and 2 weeks after their completion (T2). In the T2DM group, there was a significant decrease in FBG and HbA1c in T1 and T2, as well as a significant decrease in insulin, HOMA-IR and CRP, and an increase in the Quicki index in T2. In the CON group, the concentration of asprosin at T2 was significantly lower than at T0. There was a significantly positive correlation between asprosin and FBG and HOMA-IR, and a trend towards a decrease of asprosin concentration in T2 in postmenopausal women with T2DM.

Metabolic risk increases with age and may be accompanied by changes in adipocytokine secretion and insulin sensitivity. The primary exploratory aim of this prospective, uncon-trolled study was to determine whether repeated whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) changes circulating meteorin-like hormone (METRNL) concentrations in women of different ages. Secondary exploratory outcomes included irisin, asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride–glucose index (TyG), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. A total of 48 women were divided into three groups: GR-60 (60–70 years, n = 14), GR-40 (40–50 years, n = 18), and GR-20 (20–30 years, n = 16). Participants underwent 30 WBC sessions, each lasting 3 min at minus 120 °C. Blood samples were collected before the first WBC session, after the 10th, 20th, and 30th sessions, and two weeks after the final session. Repeated WBC did not significantly change circulating METRNL or other adipocytokines in any age group. A preliminary decrease in insulin concentration and HOMA-IR was observed after 20 WBC sessions only in GR-60. These findings suggest that repeated WBC may be associated with favorable changes in selected insulin-resistance markers in older postmenopausal women; however, the absence of a non-WBC control group, small subgroup sizes, and the multiplicity burden preclude causal or therapeutic conclusions. Randomized controlled studies are needed to verify these exploratory observations.