Extracts and melanins from Inonotus obliquus are widely used in medicine due to their high antioxidant properties. This study is dedicated to define the influence of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Inonotus obliquus melanins and their bifidogenic effects on Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. For this purpose, melanins precipitated from Inonotus obliquus aqueous extracts, obtained by a few methods, and separated melanin fractions by organic solvents were used. For the melanin physicochemical properties analysis spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering methods were applied. Melanins and their fractions difference in particle size and charge, antioxidant properties, and redox potential were revealed. It was shown that the redox potential, the size of melanin particles and the z-potential had maximum influence on bifidobacteria growth. The greatest activating effect on bifidobacteria was established by using melanin isolated from aqueous microwave extracts in concentrations of 10⁻¹³, 10⁻¹⁰, 10⁻⁵ g/cm³. The use of this melanin with antioxidant activity 0.67 ± 0.06 mg/g (expressed as ascorbic acid equivalent), and with redox potential −5.51 ± 2.22 mV as a prebiotic allowed the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 s to increase by 1.4 times in comparison with ascorbic acid by 24 h of cultivation.

Выделение штамма Inonotus obliquus и интенсификация роста культуры при твердофазном культивировании

Now consumer interest in the use of natural ingredients and products in nutrition for therapeutic purposes is increasing. Such kind of the products include milk whey. In our country, they are produced in limited quantities. In connection with such recommendations, it is necessary to look for ways and means of solving the problems of rational processing of secondary raw materials by developing functional foods. This paper shows results of the textural analyses, sensory evaluation and some physicochemical parameters, also content or mineral elements of the developed mousse samples based on milk whey. For the stabilization and to reach foamy consistency were used pectin and agar. From the results of texture analyzer, sample with the use of pectin as a fixative, the mousse becomes more resistant to mechanical stress, and the strength of the mousse increases. The peak strength of the sample was 1,605 N. The sample with pectin has an elasticity – 1,569 N, the viscosity is – 1,448 N. It can be established that the sample with pectin has a more delicate consistency. Based on the study's findings, it can be noted that all physicochemical indicators are acceptable, according to the standards. The results shows that the composition of whey-based mousse samples contains basic microelements. For mousse with pectin are carbon – 12,45%, potassium – 14,14%, sodium – 10,84% and phosphorus – 9,10%, calcium – 8,33% of the total mineral content. For mousse with agar are carbon – 18,97%, potassium – 15,99%, sodium – 9,20% and chlorine – 6,93%, phosphorus – 7,39%, calcium – 5,23% of the total mineral content.

Currently, there is a great interest in the research of basidial fungi as ligninolytic enzymes producers capable of plant waste degradation. These properties are promising in composite materials creation, which can be employed as bio-packaging, bioplastics, and building materials. The purpose of the work was to study the possibility of using sunflower seed hulls for the cultivation of lignin-destroying fungi for the further development of composite biodegradable materials based on the obtained products. For that point, Trametes polyzona (Pers.) Justo (2011) and Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden (1972) growth on solid nutrient media based on sunflower seeds hulls were explored. It was shown that the fungi cultivation duration of the Trametes polyzona is 10 days and of the Trichaptum abietinum KS10 is 7 days. The suitability of the obtained products for use in the composition of biodegradable composite materials was assessed visually. The most durable structure of the packaging composite was obtained on nutrient media based on milled sunflower seeds hulls with the oat bran addition.