Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a caracterização socioeconômica do Litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo, mais especificadamente dos municípios de Iguape, Ilha Comprida e Cananéia, por meio do histórico de ocupação, expansão da mancha urbana (1970 a 2010) e do uso da terra (2010), com base na interpretação de imagens orbitais. Para atingir tal meta, adotou-se o método da classificação supervisionada para produção cartográfica, tendo como resultado final o mapeamento do uso e ocupação da terra (2010). Considera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam auxiliar na discussão do planejamento territorial, uma vez que esta região foi uma das primeiras áreas do litoral brasileiro a serem colonizadas. Além disto, os resultados podem auxiliar na tomada de decisões, já que até os dias atuais, a área de estudo sofre processos conflitantes da ação antrópica, que corresponde a níveis diversos de intervenção no funcionamento dos sistemas ambientais. Conclui-se que a dinâmica de evolução da paisagem está vinculada a materialização dos ciclos econômicos, práticas agrícolas e do turismo, como norteadoras do desenvolvimento socioeconômico.

This study focuses on the deposition of microplastics (MPs) on urban beaches along the central São Paulo coastline, utilizing advanced methodologies such as remote sensing, GNSS altimetric surveys, µ-Raman spectroscopy, and machine learning (ML) models. MP concentrations ranged from 6 to 35 MPs/m², with the highest densities observed near the Port of Santos, attributed to industrial and port activities. The predominant MP types identified were foams (48.7%), fragments (27.7%), and pellets (23.2%), while fibers were rare (0.4%). Beach slope and orientation were found to facilitate the concentration of MP deposition, particularly for foams and pellets. The study’s ML models showed high predictive accuracy, with Random Forest and Gradient Boosting performing exceptionally well for specific MP categories (pellet, fragment, fiber, foam, and film). Polymer characterization revealed the prevalence of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, reflecting sources such as disposable packaging and industrial raw materials. The findings emphasize the need for improved waste management and targeted urban beach cleanups, which currently fail to address smaller MPs effectively. This research highlights the critical role of combining in situ data with predictive models to understand MP dynamics in coastal environments. It provides actionable insights for mitigation strategies and contributes to global efforts aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 14, aimed at conserving marine ecosystems and reducing pollution.

O município de São Vicente objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, incluiu-se na Baixada Santista no domínio Geomorfológico da Província Costeira no Estado de São Paulo, caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de paisagens diversas sob domínio das zonas de Serranias e Planície Costeira. Apresenta um intenso uso urbano que se estabelece sob áreas de risco vulneráveis a eventos relacionados a movimentos de massa e inundações, fatos que se agravam em razão do crescente processo de ocupação. Tendo em vista o exposto, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi a identificação e caracterização dos agentes e processos físico-ambientais, atuantes na área costeira no Município de São Vicente, como subsídio para a efetivação da proposta de definição de unidades da paisagem que representem os diversos níveis de fragilidades ambientais acentuadas pelo modelo de uso em que se consolida a organização do espaço na área do município. Com o propósito de alcançar tal objetivo, foi realizada a caracterização fisiográfica e o levantamento de dados de campo que subsidiou a análise dos parâmetros geomórficos, climáticos e hidrodinâmicos.

As the interface between land and water, coastlines are highly dynamic and intricately tied to the sediment budget. These regions have a high functional diversity and require enlightened management to preserve their value for the future. In this study we assess changes to the São Paulo State (SE Brazil) coastline over the last 36 years. The study innovatively employs big data remote sensing techniques and multivariate statistical models to evaluate and generate erosion/accretion rates (1985–2021) relative to beach orientation and slope. Shoreline change rates have been obtained for sandy beaches at 485 one-kilometer-spaced transects. Our findings capture the complexity and heterogeneity of the analyzed coastline, at a regional and local scale. No association was found between shoreline changes and beach face orientation. Nonetheless, a dependency relationship was found between dissipative beaches with moderate to high accretion. Beaches facing south, with relative stability, were prone to sediment accumulation. Locations with slow accretion, like sandy spits and tombolo-protected beaches, were associated with dissipative beaches with moderate to high accretion. The southeast-oriented beaches are more prone to erosion due to storm waves from the south. Results provide a broad, fast, and relatively low-cost methodology that can be used in any sandy beach context, bringing essential information for coastal management and decision-making related to the use and occupation of the coastal zones.

The States of California and São Paulo are associated historically with natural disasters including forest fires and high precipitation, respectively. These events end up causing numerous deaths and financial and social losses. Even in the face of loss of life, and in some cases despite the lack of urban planning, populations still choose to live in places of risk, valuing them for scenic beauty or exclusivity. The aim of this study is to estimate the amount of people and housing in landslide risk areas in California and the São Paulo state coastal zone, using satellite image classification, Aster DEM and census data. The results indicate that in California, from 2000 to 2016, the urban area increased 1.83% and São Paulo increased 14.92%, indicating that occupation in the landslide risk area in California was already consolidated, and in São Paulo there was a large increase in risk because the increased population. Compared to California, São Paulo’s population and housing is a much greater landslide risk.