To achieve an adjustable setting time and significantly improved early strength of a new type of sulphoaluminate cement-based double-liquid grouting material (SACDL), the effects of calcium formate, sodium sulfate, lithium carbonate, and a composite early strength agent on the setting hardening and early hydration behavior of SACDL paste were studied by means of setting time, fluidity, compressive strength, and viscosity tests. The results showed that the adsorption and osmosis of calcium formate, the complex decomposition of sodium sulfate, the precipitation polarization of lithium carbonate and the synergistic action of the composite early strength agent could accelerate the early hydration rate of SACDL, shorten the coagulation time, and improve the early strength of SACDL. The composite effect of 0.8% calcium formate and 0.5% sodium sulfate is the most significant in promoting coagulation and early strength; the initial setting time and final setting time of the slurry were shortened to 5 min and 10 min, respectively; and the 3 h compressive strength was capable of reaching 16.7 MPa, 31% higher than that of the blank group. In addition, X-ray diffraction and SEM morphology observation were used to study the composition of the hydration products and the evolution of the microstructure, which revealed the early hydration mechanism of SACDL under the synergistic effect of the composite early strength agent: (1) The solubility of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) and dihydrate gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) increased under the low content composite early strength agent condition, which increased the ettringite (AFt) formation rate. HCOO⁻ was able to penetrate the hydration layers of tricalcium silicate (C₃S) and dicalcium silicate (C₂S), accelerating the dissolution of C₃S and C₂S and promoting the early hydration of SACDL. (2) Under the condition of a high dosage of the composite early strength agent, the further increase in Ca²⁺ concentration promoted the crystallization nodules and precipitation of CH and accelerated the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. C-S-H was filled between a large number of rod-like AFt crystals, thus making the structure more dense.

To improve the efficiency of frozen soil excavation, the new shaft tunneling machine was developed. The new shaft tunneling machine exerts pressure on the frozen soil through the cutter under the joint action of its own gravity, the drum rotational force and the inertia force, and the frozen soil is damaged. By unique way of breaking frozen soil to improve the efficiency of frozen soil excavation, the drum rotation speed is one of the factors affecting the performance of frozen soil excavation. This article applies SolidWorks software to establish the model of cutter breaking frozen soil, takes advantage of Hyper Mesh finite element software coupled with LS-DYNA solver to acquire the regular pattern of change in the force change, frozen soil stress–strain and specific energy of cutter crushing frozen soil, etc., which analyzes the destruction of frozen soil when the drum of the new shaft tunneling machine is rotating at the speed of 25–40 rpm. Combine with field test to investigate the mechanism of cutter breaking frozen soil under the optimal drum rotation speed. The investigation results demonstrate that: when frozen soil's self-bearing capacity is lower than the force of cutter, it breaks up and detaches from the soil body, and frozen soil undergoes tensile, compressive and shear damages. For this research, it is instructive for practical engineering.