The main goal of this study is to develop and apply a toolkit for assessing the sustainability level of countries that import certain types of agricultural products with regard to a possible reduction in the volume of such imports. An indicator was proposed for evaluating sustainability. A model of its decomposition was built, which made it possible to reveal the hierarchy of factors of the formation of the specified sustainability. The concept of sustainable growth in consuming a certain agricultural product by a group of importing countries was developed. In particular, such growth conditions were formalized. Approbation of the formed methodological principles was carried out on two groups of countries that import corn and wheat. In particular, it was established that an increase in the relative vulnerability level of countries to a reduction in imported food supplies is negatively correlated with an increase in the relative level of adaptation of countries to such a reduction. It was also found that as of 1 January 2023, the resistance level of the studied countries to a reduction in corn and wheat imports has significantly decreased. Proposals are developed to increase the resilience level of food-importing countries to possible disruptions in their import supplies.

Considering that approximately 20% of the nation's land remains under the occupation of Russian forces, assessing the impact of the invasion in the midst of ongoing conflict is a formidable chal-lenge. However, even the limited available data offers a distressing glimpse into an ecological...

The military actions of the Russian Federation’s aggression in Ukraine cause irreparable damage to the soil cover, realizing that its natural restoration will take decades. However, missile attacks on residential areas bring no less damage and trouble to Ukraine. The main goal of the conducted...

Purpose. To create methodological tools for assessing obstacles to implementation of energy saving measures by enterprises. Methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: economic-mathematical modeling (substantiation of parameters of preferential crediting of energy-saving projects of enterprises on the basis of building models of repayment of loans and obtaining financial and economic results from these projects), classification and generalization (when grouping obstacles to reduction of consumption of non-renewable energy resources), system analysis (in the development of methodological principles for assessing barriers to energy efficiency); economic analysis and technical and economic calculations (when performing empirical studies on barriers to reducing natural gas consumption), questionnaire (when conducting a survey of owners and managers of surveyed enterprises on factors that hinder the implementation of projects), mathematical statistics (to process the results). Findings. Based on the results of a survey of owners and managers of 74 Ukrainian enterprises belonging to three industries characterized by significant volumes of natural gas consumption, the most significant barriers to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources were identified and grouped. Methods for estimating the level of these barriers by the totality of the studied enterprises and by certain types of financial and economic barriers to reducing the consumption of energy resources are proposed. Models of substantiation of parameters of preferential crediting of energy saving projects which have for the purpose of realization of measures for reduction of consumption of natural gas at the enterprises are constructed. Originality. Existing methods for grouping barriers to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources have been supplemented by introducing such additional features as the stages of development and implementation of energy saving measures and the factors of occurrence of relevant barriers. The methodological basis for assessing these barriers has been improved by substantiating the approach according to which the height of the barrier is determined by the cost of resources to overcome it. Formalized models of preferential lending for energy-saving projects of enterprises have been built, taking into account the efficiency of budget expenditures for such lending. Practical value. The obtained results can be used by both enterprises and public authorities and local governments in assessing obstacles to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources and developing a set of organizational and economic measures to overcome them.

The military operations in Ukraine have consequences for the biosphere, which is negatively affected by the hostilities, causing its destruction and degradation, - soils. It is currently impossible to fully assess the impact of military and terrorist actions on the environment due to the lack of accurate information. The shelling of civilian and strategically important objects in Ukraine created synergistic conditions for the environment to accumulate and enter through leaching from the soil a large amount of heavy metals into surface water. Accordingly, this leads to mass degradation of not only the soil environment, but also the hydrosphere and plant life. The entry of potentially toxic elements (PTE) into the environment, soil and plants is accompanied by their oxidation and other chemical processes. Soil sampling was carried out by the method of a concentric circle, in the canter of which is the source of pollution, which allows us to assess the degree of distribution of potentially toxic elements depending on the depth of the well. In our research on the content of heavy metals in the soil during the shelling of Lviv and 6 months later, XRF and ICP analyzes of soil samples. The results of the analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil after 6 months show that the concentration of cadmium is reduced by two times; copper and nickel, respectively, 3 and 3.5 times; lead+ and chromium - twice. It is known that heavy metals do not undergo decomposition processes, but can only be redistributed between natural environments. They tend to concentrate in living organisms, causing various pathologies.