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On-pack date and storage labeling is one of the direct information carriers used by the food industry to communicate product shelf-life attributes to consumers. However, it is also one of the major factors that contribute to consumer food waste issues. This study aims to systematically understand the existing tensions within the current date and storage labeling system and explore the potential opportunities for design to intervene. First, we conducted a literature review to identify tensions that the consumer encounters in their food edibility assessment system and summarize the corresponding proposal for actions. 12 tensions and 16 proposals for action were identified and further framed according to a conceptual model developed in this study. Following this, the literature findings were refined and grounded in co-creation sessions in consumer workshops and industry practitioner interviews to develop specific labeling-related design implications. The findings indicate the importance of investigating the role that date and storage labeling play from a system level. Furthermore, we suggest that the conceptual model developed in this study can be used not only as a framework that guides researchers to identify and analyze labeling-related food waste problems that each individual consumer encounters, but also as a guideline that assists packaging design practitioners in exploring potential design opportunities to solve the problem from a system perspective.
Wanjun Chu; Helén Williams; Karli Verghese; Renee Wever; Wiktoria Glad. Tensions and Opportunities: An Activity Theory Perspective on Date and Storage Label Design through a Literature Review and Co-Creation Sessions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1162 .
AMA StyleWanjun Chu, Helén Williams, Karli Verghese, Renee Wever, Wiktoria Glad. Tensions and Opportunities: An Activity Theory Perspective on Date and Storage Label Design through a Literature Review and Co-Creation Sessions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanjun Chu; Helén Williams; Karli Verghese; Renee Wever; Wiktoria Glad. 2020. "Tensions and Opportunities: An Activity Theory Perspective on Date and Storage Label Design through a Literature Review and Co-Creation Sessions." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1162.
The alignment of the strategic and the operational level of packaging development in relation to the integration of sustainability is not addressed extensively in current research. This paper aims to address this, by focusing on the decision-making interrelations of key actors (marketing and packaging development) within multidisciplinary product-packaging development teams. The research is conducted by means of a qualitative approach, consisting of semi-structured interviews with individual packaging development team members, complemented with a newly developed visualization tool. The research builds upon eight cases within brand owners, packaging material suppliers and packaging development consultants. The main findings of the study include the decision-making trade-offs between sustainability considerations and other project indicators, such as costs, time-to-market and technical challenges. These trade-offs are linked to the strategic and operational roles of key actors, and to internal and external factors influencing sustainable development processes. This research’s contribution is to address the alignment of the strategic and the operational levels of sustainable packaging development, in relation to (1) decision making and interrelations within multidisciplinary development teams; and (2) the relevance of development-influencing factors. This provides opportunities for further development of sustainable packaging models and tools, in order to align the strategic and operational level of development.
Bjorn De Koeijer; Jos De Lange; Renee Wever. Desired, Perceived, and Achieved Sustainability: Trade-Offs in Strategic and Operational Packaging Development. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1923 .
AMA StyleBjorn De Koeijer, Jos De Lange, Renee Wever. Desired, Perceived, and Achieved Sustainability: Trade-Offs in Strategic and Operational Packaging Development. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjorn De Koeijer; Jos De Lange; Renee Wever. 2017. "Desired, Perceived, and Achieved Sustainability: Trade-Offs in Strategic and Operational Packaging Development." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1923.
Duygu Keskin; Renee Wever; J.C. Brezet. Developing new products and services in entrepreneurial contexts. Product-Service System Design for Sustainability 2017, 238 -249.
AMA StyleDuygu Keskin, Renee Wever, J.C. Brezet. Developing new products and services in entrepreneurial contexts. Product-Service System Design for Sustainability. 2017; ():238-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuygu Keskin; Renee Wever; J.C. Brezet. 2017. "Developing new products and services in entrepreneurial contexts." Product-Service System Design for Sustainability , no. : 238-249.
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the intermediary role of universities in spreading design for sustainability into industry. Design/methodology/approach Three case studies were undertaken on Delft University of Technology, Design for Sustainability Program from The Netherlands; a center on sustainable consumption and production; and Prof. Göksel Demirer from Middle East Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department from Turkey. Findings The process and evolution of the intermediary roles of the cases are explained. Three types of structures, through which universities undertake intermediary role, are investigated via the cases studies, a program, a center and an individual scientist. Originality/value This study is a first attempt to investigate the intermediary role of universities in the design for sustainability field.
Elif Küçüksayraç; Renee Wever; Han Brezet. Universities’ intermediary role in the “design for sustainability” field. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 2017, 18, 455 -472.
AMA StyleElif Küçüksayraç, Renee Wever, Han Brezet. Universities’ intermediary role in the “design for sustainability” field. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2017; 18 (3):455-472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElif Küçüksayraç; Renee Wever; Han Brezet. 2017. "Universities’ intermediary role in the “design for sustainability” field." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 18, no. 3: 455-472.
In Vietnam, the middle class is expected to grow from 12 million to 33 million people between 2012 and 2020. The growth causes an increase as well as a shift in consumption. Products that were not accessible or affordable before will become increasingly so, such as cars, dishwashers, meat products and air-conditioning. In urban areas the changes are most prominent and so are the side effects: increased amounts of waste, smog, pollution and use of fossil energy or pesticides.The main objective of this study was to identify sustainable behaviour that followed or did not follow from the intervention project GetGreen Vietnam. 604 urban middle class consumers participated in a series of sustainable consumption trainings. Before, during and after the trainings, quantitative and qualitative data was collected on 90 sustainable actions.64% of the participants self-reported to be engaged in a sustainable action before the intervention and this percentage increased to 80% after. The group environment and activity-based meetings of GetGreen Vietnam project (GGVN) were critical for the success of the intervention. Participants reported that before GGVN certain actions were already habitual as a money saving strategy (e.g. sparse electricity use or food leftovers re-use) or due to past scarcity (e.g. sparse water use). Many participants reported the intention to buy sustainable products but fewer participants took action to do so.A powerful strategy toward more sustainable consumption in Vietnam can be to create more group-based activities around the themes of energy and shopping for food. A twofold approach is needed that both installs new sustainable consumption patterns and keeps old habits rooted in daily rituals. Role models should set an example for the young population and consumers and (Vietnamese) producers should be better connected to increase mutual trust and transparency.
Jotte de Koning; Thu Huong Ta; Marcel R.M. Crul; Renee Wever; Johannes C. Brezet. GetGreen Vietnam: towards more sustainable behaviour among the urban middle class. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 134, 178 -190.
AMA StyleJotte de Koning, Thu Huong Ta, Marcel R.M. Crul, Renee Wever, Johannes C. Brezet. GetGreen Vietnam: towards more sustainable behaviour among the urban middle class. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 134 ():178-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJotte de Koning; Thu Huong Ta; Marcel R.M. Crul; Renee Wever; Johannes C. Brezet. 2016. "GetGreen Vietnam: towards more sustainable behaviour among the urban middle class." Journal of Cleaner Production 134, no. : 178-190.
Recent years have shown a shift in the focus of sustainable development from eco-efficiency (minimizing negative impacts) towards eco-effectiveness (optimizing positive impacts). Currently, a focus on circular models can be identified; Cradle to Cradle and circular economy are main examples of such models. However, the current number and variety of models and tools focusing on circular systems are limited with regard to packaging development.This paper explores packaging development models and tools in relation to circular systems, in order to identify the current status of the circularity focus. A range of identified models and tools is structured into two categories (generative and evaluative tools) which cover three types (protocols, diagrams and evaluations). This is in line with the distinction between early and later phases of development and the cumulative nature of environmental lock-in. Protocol-type models and tools come in different forms, such as principles, guidelines and checklists (e.g. Cradle to Cradle and DfE). Aside from these, eight diagram-type models are analysed, focusing on packaging development, sustainable development and sustainable packaging development. In contrast to generative design tools, evaluation-type models and tools (e.g. LCA) are most useful in the later stages of development processes.Resulting from the analysis of the models and tools, three types of integration – integrated product-packaging development, the cross-functional integration of actors and the front-end integration of sustainability considerations – are appropriate for the development of product-packaging combinations for circular systems. This leads to an agenda which shapes research directions towards achieving this development. © 2016 The Authors Packaging Technology and Science Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bjorn De Koeijer; Renee Wever; Jörg Henseler. Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda. Packaging Technology and Science 2016, 30, 443 -460.
AMA StyleBjorn De Koeijer, Renee Wever, Jörg Henseler. Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda. Packaging Technology and Science. 2016; 30 (8):443-460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjorn De Koeijer; Renee Wever; Jörg Henseler. 2016. "Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda." Packaging Technology and Science 30, no. 8: 443-460.
Purpose – Vietnamese agro-food firms are often small and have short value chains. They are facing increasing competition from multinationals to serve the consumers of the rising middle class. It is assumed that co-creation or open-innovation can be a competitive innovation strategy for the Vietnamese firms. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand whether the agro-food firms have the “mental space” or an according mindset to innovate with their customers. Design/methodology/approach – A three dimensional model of “mental innovation space” (MIS) was developed, comprising of the: focus of innovation, level of innovation and degree of collaboration. A total of 14 Vietnamese agro-food companies agreed to embark on a process of problem definition for innovation according to these three dimensions. This process creates a deeper understanding of the firms’ fuzzy front end of innovation and results in less hypothetical findings, compared with traditional interviews. Findings – The results show that the Vietnamese agro-food firms have a rather small MIS. They are inexperienced with innovation in new product development and are even more unfamiliar with co-creation. However, the firms recognise the need for innovation and are enthusiastic about the use of co-creation. The applications of co-creation firms foresee are close to the market, motivated by meeting customer demand and keeping up with competitors. Originality/value – The characteristics and willingness of the Vietnamese agro-food firms make that it is believed an open atmosphere can be created. Then, co-creation can foster innovation in order to strengthen their competitive position.
Jotte de Koning; Marcel Crul; Jo Van Engelen; Renee Wever; Johannes Brezet. Mental innovation space of Vietnamese agro-food firms. British Food Journal 2016, 118, 1516 -1532.
AMA StyleJotte de Koning, Marcel Crul, Jo Van Engelen, Renee Wever, Johannes Brezet. Mental innovation space of Vietnamese agro-food firms. British Food Journal. 2016; 118 (6):1516-1532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJotte de Koning; Marcel Crul; Jo Van Engelen; Renee Wever; Johannes Brezet. 2016. "Mental innovation space of Vietnamese agro-food firms." British Food Journal 118, no. 6: 1516-1532.
This editorial covers the recent advances in marketing and ergonomics research with respect to packaging, in particular, the papers that form part of the special issue on human-packaging interaction. It presents a classification of contributions to the literature in four categories, namely, (a) research methodology; (b) design methodology; (c) insights; and (d) industry application. Based on the discussion of recent literature, a research agenda is proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renee Wever. Touching Tubs and Grabbing Gable-tops: An Editorial to the Special Issue on Human-packaging Interaction. Packaging Technology and Science 2016, 29, 603 -606.
AMA StyleRenee Wever. Touching Tubs and Grabbing Gable-tops: An Editorial to the Special Issue on Human-packaging Interaction. Packaging Technology and Science. 2016; 29 (12):603-606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenee Wever. 2016. "Touching Tubs and Grabbing Gable-tops: An Editorial to the Special Issue on Human-packaging Interaction." Packaging Technology and Science 29, no. 12: 603-606.
The middle class of Vietnam is growing and so is their consumption, especially in urban areas. This is due to the effects of rapid economic growth, industrialization and increasing wealth in combination with a young, growing population. This paper aims to understand current consumption patterns and consumption categories that can provide a start for sustainable lifestyles among the Vietnamese middle class.
Jotte de Koning; Marcel Rudolphus Maria Crul; Renee Wever; Johannes Cornelis Brezet. Sustainable consumption in Vietnam: an explorative study among the urban middle class. International Journal of Consumer Studies 2015, 39, 608 -618.
AMA StyleJotte de Koning, Marcel Rudolphus Maria Crul, Renee Wever, Johannes Cornelis Brezet. Sustainable consumption in Vietnam: an explorative study among the urban middle class. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 2015; 39 (6):608-618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJotte de Koning; Marcel Rudolphus Maria Crul; Renee Wever; Johannes Cornelis Brezet. 2015. "Sustainable consumption in Vietnam: an explorative study among the urban middle class." International Journal of Consumer Studies 39, no. 6: 608-618.
It is the main task of a professional designer to create value for the users of the products, services, and systems they design. In Design for Sustainability, however, designers have a higher level of ambition: additional to a high consumer value, they make sure that designs result in less degradation of our environment, less depletion of materials, and more social equity in our world. The need for a higher level of prosperity for people in developing countries, in combination with the growing population in our world, emphasizes the need for sustainable products and services. Design for Sustainability combines a high customer value with a low level of eco-burden over the life cycle. This chapter summarizes the main current approaches to Design for Sustainability (cradle-to-cradle, Circular Economy, and Biomimicry) and some practical tools and checklists (EcoDesign, the LiDS Wheel, Design for Recycling, and Design for Disassembly) and describes the latest developments in quantitative assessment methods (“Fast Track” Life Cycle Assessment, Eco-efficient Value Creation, and design of Sustainable Product Service Systems). For the quantitative methods, real-life examples are given for design of luxurious products based on cork, packaging design of food products, and Sustainable Product Service System design of sustainable water tourism.
Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of SustainabilitySustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design 2015, 513 -549.
AMA StyleRenee Wever, Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of SustainabilitySustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design. 2015; ():513-549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. 2015. "Design for the Value of SustainabilitySustainability." Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design , no. : 513-549.
Boudewijn Boon; Renee Wever; Jaco Quist. Beyond behaviour change: technological artefacts and characterological development. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2014, 8, 231 -247.
AMA StyleBoudewijn Boon, Renee Wever, Jaco Quist. Beyond behaviour change: technological artefacts and characterological development. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2014; 8 (3):231-247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoudewijn Boon; Renee Wever; Jaco Quist. 2014. "Beyond behaviour change: technological artefacts and characterological development." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 3: 231-247.
It is the main task of a professional designer to create value for the users of the products, services, and systems they design. In Design for Sustainability, however, designers have a higher level of ambition: additional to a high consumer value, they make sure that designs result in less degradation of our environment, less depletion of materials, and more social equity in our world. The need for a higher level of prosperity for people in developing countries, in combination with the growing population in our world, emphasizes the need for sustainable products and services. Design for Sustainability combines a high customer value with a low level of eco-burden over the life cycle. This chapter summarizes the main current approaches to Design for Sustainability (cradle-to-cradle, Circular Economy, and Biomimicry) and some practical tools and checklists (EcoDesign, the LiDS Wheel, Design for Recycling, and Design for Disassembly) and describes the latest developments in quantitative assessment methods (“Fast Track” Life Cycle Assessment, Eco-efficient Value Creation, and design of Sustainable Product Service Systems). For the quantitative methods, real-life examples are given for design of luxurious products based on cork, packaging design of food products, and Sustainable Product Service System design of sustainable water tourism.
Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of Sustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design 2014, 1 -31.
AMA StyleRenee Wever, Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of Sustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design. 2014; ():1-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. 2014. "Design for the Value of Sustainability." Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design , no. : 1-31.
Duygu Keskin; Renee Wever; J.C. Brezet. Developing new products and services in entrepreneurial contexts. Product-Service System Design for Sustainability 2014, 238 -249.
AMA StyleDuygu Keskin, Renee Wever, J.C. Brezet. Developing new products and services in entrepreneurial contexts. Product-Service System Design for Sustainability. 2014; ():238-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuygu Keskin; Renee Wever; J.C. Brezet. 2014. "Developing new products and services in entrepreneurial contexts." Product-Service System Design for Sustainability , no. : 238-249.
The classical sustainability perspective on packaging is to reduce the environmental impact or eco‐burden of the packaging, using life cycle assessment to evaluate different design alternatives. Simultaneously, the classical marketing perspective on packaging is to generate value through differentiation, for instance, by providing additional convenience. These two perspectives often conflict. In business reality, there is currently no established method to deal with these conflicts. Life cycle assessment is methodologically incapable of incorporating the difference in convenience. This article uses the eco‐costs/value ratio (EVR), as a method for dealing with the environmental assessment of packaging design alternatives with such unequal ‘soft’ functionality. The article reviews the current debate on packaging and sustainability, highlighting some of the shortcomings of the methods currently applied. Subsequently, the EVR model is introduced and applied to five examples. These examples consist of pairs of products, where the product, the amount, the brand and the retail outlet are identical and only the packaging design and the value differ. The examples illustrate how the EVR model fits better to design decision making in business reality than classical life cycle assessment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. Eco‐efficient Value Creation: An Alternative Perspective on Packaging and Sustainability. Packaging Technology and Science 2012, 26, 229 -248.
AMA StyleRenee Wever, Joost Vogtländer. Eco‐efficient Value Creation: An Alternative Perspective on Packaging and Sustainability. Packaging Technology and Science. 2012; 26 (4):229-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. 2012. "Eco‐efficient Value Creation: An Alternative Perspective on Packaging and Sustainability." Packaging Technology and Science 26, no. 4: 229-248.
Kristel Dewulf; Renee Wever; Han Brezet. Greening the Design Brief. Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society 2012, 457 -462.
AMA StyleKristel Dewulf, Renee Wever, Han Brezet. Greening the Design Brief. Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. 2012; ():457-462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristel Dewulf; Renee Wever; Han Brezet. 2012. "Greening the Design Brief." Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society , no. : 457-462.
From 2005 to 2010, environmentally relevant data was collected on mainstream television sets to select the yearly EISA Green Award winner. As the sets represent state-of-the-art developments in application of ecodesign principles, the data is used to sketch progress in ecodesign application in mainstream development of television sets. It is concluded that improvements in energy consumption were substantial, fuelled by application of new physical principles, from CRT to LCD and plasma, to LED. This has also enabled thinner screens, lower weight, and more efficient product architecture and packaging. For chemical substances and recycling implications, progress is less evident.
Casper Boks; Renee Wever; Ab Stevels. State-of-the-art Ecodesign on the Electronics Shop Shelves? A Quantitative Analysis of Developments in Ecodesign of TV Sets. Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing 2011, 167 -172.
AMA StyleCasper Boks, Renee Wever, Ab Stevels. State-of-the-art Ecodesign on the Electronics Shop Shelves? A Quantitative Analysis of Developments in Ecodesign of TV Sets. Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing. 2011; ():167-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasper Boks; Renee Wever; Ab Stevels. 2011. "State-of-the-art Ecodesign on the Electronics Shop Shelves? A Quantitative Analysis of Developments in Ecodesign of TV Sets." Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing , no. : 167-172.
In the literature, there are several authors arguing for the optimization of the packaging volume as an important factor in distribution efficiency. Within the context of packaging of durable goods, these authors present significant economic savings, usually illustrated by qualitative examples of redesigns. So far, these papers are limited to: (a) the economic aspect of volume (b) packaging for which the main functionality is distribution‐related, and (c) mostly qualitative empirical data. This current paper aims to contribute to this literature by: (a) arguing that volume is also a significant factor from an environmental perspective (b) including packaging for which the main functionality is marketing‐related, and (c) presenting quantitative data of over 1000 packed durable goods, covering consumer electronics, domestic appliances, toys, power tools and furniture. Several strategies for volume optimization are discussed in relation to different packaging functionalities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R. Wever. Design for volume optimization of packaging for durable goods. Packaging Technology and Science 2011, 24, 211 -222.
AMA StyleR. Wever. Design for volume optimization of packaging for durable goods. Packaging Technology and Science. 2011; 24 (4):211-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Wever. 2011. "Design for volume optimization of packaging for durable goods." Packaging Technology and Science 24, no. 4: 211-222.
Organizations face challenges with regards to the incorporation of sustainability in the early stages of their new product development processes (NPD). This paper explores these challenges in order to understand the barriers for incorporating well-defined sustainability targets in NPD briefs. The study is based on a content analysis of 202 new product development briefs within the FMCG industry, in particular Unilever. The paper concludes that the incorporation of sustainability in the new product development briefs does not guarantee results. Furthermore, there are several organizational issues which could function either as success or failure factors for the entire process.
Effrosyni Petala; Renee Wever; Chris Dutilh; Han Brezet. The role of new product development briefs in implementing sustainability: A case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 2010, 27, 172 -182.
AMA StyleEffrosyni Petala, Renee Wever, Chris Dutilh, Han Brezet. The role of new product development briefs in implementing sustainability: A case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 2010; 27 (3-4):172-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEffrosyni Petala; Renee Wever; Chris Dutilh; Han Brezet. 2010. "The role of new product development briefs in implementing sustainability: A case study." Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 27, no. 3-4: 172-182.
Littering is a packaging‐related problem where the environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainability meet. Litter is likely to be harmful for wildlife, looks untidy and is expensive to clean up. Research into reducing litter has focused primarily on the litterer and on the surroundings in which the littering occurs, but the influence of the littered object has so far been ill addressed. This research focused on understanding how the characteristics of an object influence its probability of being littered and how this insight can be used to improve the design of these objects, in particular packaging. Both eco‐feedback and scripting approaches were examined in four experimental setups. It was found that the design of a packaging does have a significant influence on waste behaviour of consumers. However, applying this insight to packaging design in order to reduce littering was found to be less than straightforward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R. Wever; L. Van Onselen; Sacha Silvester; Casper Boks. Influence of packaging design on littering and waste behaviour. Packaging Technology and Science 2010, 23, 239 -252.
AMA StyleR. Wever, L. Van Onselen, Sacha Silvester, Casper Boks. Influence of packaging design on littering and waste behaviour. Packaging Technology and Science. 2010; 23 (5):239-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Wever; L. Van Onselen; Sacha Silvester; Casper Boks. 2010. "Influence of packaging design on littering and waste behaviour." Packaging Technology and Science 23, no. 5: 239-252.
The cradle-to-cradle (C2C) concept of McDonough and Braungart, which has a strong emphasis on materials strategy, gives a vision of a sustainable future, inspired by nature. Their guilt-free approach has enthused many new people, drawing them into the field of sustainability. However, the question of when and how the C2C concept can be applied successfully in business is still being debated. This paper takes a look at the applicability of the C2C concept in day-to-day product development in a business setting. Based on student design projects for several multinationals, the strengths and weaknesses of the concept are evaluated. In particular, the compatibility of C2C and life cycle assessment (LCA) is addressed. The authors conclude that LCA and C2C can and should be used as complementary tools. C2C's main value is that it triggers many questions about current business practice. Designers may play an interesting role in ‘paving the way’ for the restructuring of business operations according to C2C: through design pilots they can show how C2C could make business sense. LCA should be used to assess whether such pilots still make environmental sense if implemented in today's ‘real world’.
C.A. Bakker; R. Wever; Ch. Teoh; S. De Clercq. Designing cradle-to-cradle products: a reality check. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2010, 3, 2 -8.
AMA StyleC.A. Bakker, R. Wever, Ch. Teoh, S. De Clercq. Designing cradle-to-cradle products: a reality check. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2010; 3 (1):2-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.A. Bakker; R. Wever; Ch. Teoh; S. De Clercq. 2010. "Designing cradle-to-cradle products: a reality check." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 3, no. 1: 2-8.