Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for any economy to grow and succeed, as evidenced in the Pakistani context, where SMEs contribute 30% of the country’s GDP. The objective of this study is to link green servant leadership (GSL) to the pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) of employees, particularly in SMEs, which very few studies have investigated. Building on social learning theory (SLT), this study developed and tested the conceptual framework that examines the impact of GSL on PEB and the mediating role of environmental passion (EP) and climate for green creativity (CFGC) among employees of SMEs. Data were collected from 460 middle-line managers, and a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was applied to test hypotheses. The main findings revealed that GSL is impacted by the PEB, while EP and CFGC mediated these relations. The study findings demonstrated that a GSL with strong practices and values towards the environment could have a significant impact on employees’ PEB. This study fills the research gaps in different ways: First, by identifying the role of GSL on the PEB of employees. Second, by examining the dual-mediation mechanism of EP and CFGC between GSL and PEB. Third, this study is focused on the economic context of a developing country. The study offers guidelines for establishing PEB in SMEs. Multiple training programmes and effective planning procedures can achieve this milestone. The administration of SMEs should also give special consideration to pro-environmental issues in its hiring and recruitment practices for managers and leaders.

There is an increasing rate of women travelers and entrepreneurs globally, generally associated with the movement of 'women empowerment'. The tourism industry has increased the opportunity for businesses, while women are playing a full role in overtaking these opportunities. The chapter highlights modern women and the role that the tourism industry has played to empower them through the inter-role factors, the impact of digitization, and issues to women in the tourism industry as an entrepreneur. Sustainable tourism development in popular destinations increasingly depends on women's empowerment. On the other hand, empowering women and achieving gender equality is one of the goals of the United Nations' sustainable development agenda (UN-SDGs). Entrepreneurship is a key factor in advancing women's equality. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.

The purpose of this book chapter is to highlight and to explore the frugal innovation phenomenon, whether it is global phenomena or local. Most importantly, the frugal innovation has different perspectives around the globe. Moreover, the role of digitalization is also crucial in the frugal innovation. How does digitalization impact the frugal innovation? The impact is boosting the frugal innovation or hindering the process of frugal innovation. The role of digitalization and globalization is impacting various business models and paving the way for the new products and services. It will be interesting to see the role of frugal innovation, the patterns of frugal innovation, the different trends of frugal innovation, and the impact on the society level. Some studies suggested that frugal innovation led to better competition and provided an environment for better products and services for consumers. This book chapter will explain the multiple perspectives, trends of frugal innovation, and its relation to the digitalization

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming entrepreneurship education by reshaping how entrepreneurial competencies are cultivated. This chapter presents an integrative literature review that synthesizes empirical and conceptual research on AI-enabled pedagogy and its impact on entrepreneurial mindset, creativity, and self-efficacy. Drawing on Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, the chapter conceptualizes AI as an amplifier of experiential and social learning rather than a substitute for human instruction. AI tools including generative models, intelligent tutoring systems, simulations, and analytics are increasingly embedded in entrepreneurship curricula to support personalized learning, real-time feedback, and immersive decision-making environments. evidence shows that such AI-supported interventions enhance opportunity recognition, innovation orientation, creative problem-solving, digital entrepreneurial skills, and entrepreneurial attitudes, while significantly increasing entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions when combined with robust learning designs and institutional support. Studies also highlight the role of AI literacy and AI self-efficacy as critical mediators in fostering digital entrepreneurial intention, especially in entrepreneurship contexts. However, the review also reveals concerns about over-reliance on AI, superficial learning, ethical risks, algorithmic opacity, and inequitable access. Building on the integrative review method, the chapter develops a conceptual framework that maps the pathways through which AI-enabled experiential ecosystems shape entrepreneurial mindset, creative self-efficacy, and resilience. It concludes by outlining design principles for ethically grounded, creativity-enhancing, and self-efficacy-oriented AI integration in entrepreneurship programs, and proposes a future research agenda focused on longitudinal effects, cross-cultural applications, and the measurement of psychological constructs in AI-rich learning environments.

Understanding how frugal innovation supports social sustainability is necessary. Frugal innovation has strived to creatively address urgent societal issues while also creating income; it has had a tremendous influence on society. This essay's objective is to identify linkages between the ideas of social sustainability and cost-effective innovation. The objective of this book chapter is to identify linkages between the ideas of social sustainability and frugal innovation by reviewing the literature that is currently available in the field. This book will contribute by developing a link between these two concepts and will further expand our understanding of frugal innovation and social sustainability advancement while taking guidance from the sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly those pertaining to social sustainability.