Advancements in sensing technology have expanded the capabilities of both wearable devices and smartphones, which are now commonly equipped with inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. Initially, these sensors were used for device feature advancement, but now, they can be used for a variety of applications. Human activity recognition (HAR) is an interesting research area that can be used for many applications like health monitoring, sports, fitness, medical purposes, etc. In this research, we designed an advanced system that recognizes different human locomotion and localization activities. The data were collected from raw sensors that contain noise. In the first step, we detail our noise removal process, which employs a Chebyshev type 1 filter to clean the raw sensor data, and then the signal is segmented by utilizing Hamming windows. After that, features were extracted for different sensors. To select the best feature for the system, the recursive feature elimination method was used. We then used SMOTE data augmentation techniques to solve the imbalanced nature of the Extrasensory dataset. Finally, the augmented and balanced data were sent to a long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning classifier for classification. The datasets used in this research were Real-World Har, Real-Life Har, and Extrasensory. The presented system achieved 89% for Real-Life Har, 85% for Real-World Har, and 95% for the Extrasensory dataset. The proposed system outperforms the available state-of-the-art methods.

The domain of human locomotion identification through smartphone sensors is witnessing rapid expansion within the realm of research. This domain boasts significant potential across various sectors, including healthcare, sports, security systems, home automation, and real-time location tracking. Despite the considerable volume of existing research, the greater portion of it has primarily concentrated on locomotion activities. Comparatively less emphasis has been placed on the recognition of human localization patterns. In the current study, we introduce a system by facilitating the recognition of both human physical and location-based patterns. This system utilizes the capabilities of smartphone sensors to achieve its objectives. Our goal is to develop a system that can accurately identify different human physical and localization activities, such as walking, running, jumping, indoor, and outdoor activities. To achieve this, we perform preprocessing on the raw sensor data using a Butterworth filter for inertial sensors and a Median Filter for Global Positioning System (GPS) and then applying Hamming windowing techniques to segment the filtered data. We then extract features from the raw inertial and GPS sensors and select relevant features using the variance threshold feature selection method. The extrasensory dataset exhibits an imbalanced number of samples for certain activities. To address this issue, the permutation-based data augmentation technique is employed. The augmented features are optimized using the Yeo–Johnson power transformation algorithm before being sent to a multi-layer perceptron for classification. We evaluate our system using the K-fold cross-validation technique. The datasets used in this study are the Extrasensory and Sussex Huawei Locomotion (SHL), which contain both physical and localization activities. Our experiments demonstrate that our system achieves high accuracy with 96% and 94% over Extrasensory and SHL in physical activities and 94% and 91% over Extrasensory and SHL in the location-based activities, outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods in recognizing both types of activities.