Pratylenchus coffeae is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in Robusta coffee plantations. Information regarding morphology, morphometric and molecular characters of P. coffeae has not been reported in Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe those characters of P. coffeae that attack Robusta coffee. Root samples were taken from Robusta coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Nematode extractions was conducted using a mist chamber method. Morphology and morphometric characters were observed from the permanent nematode slides. Single nematode DNA extract was amplified at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA with universal primers. Amplicon was sequenced and analysed for phylogenetic tree relationships. Female morphological key character of P. coffeae observed are: lip with two annulations, four lateral lines, esophageal overlap with intestine ventrally, monodelphic, and truncated tail shape. Male spicules curved ventrally. Female morphometrics are: n=26, L = 556.4 μm, DGO = 2.4 μm, anterior gonad = 174.8 μm, a = 28.5, b = 6.1, b’ = 4.1, c = 20.1, c’ = 2.3, V = 81.7. A Male is smaller than a female with n=24, L = 505.9 μm, a = 32.3, b = 5.5, b '= 3.9, c = 15.3, c' = 2.8 and T = 40.6. The molecular characters of P. coffeae were investigated for two isolates, namely SA1 and SA2. Based on the D2D3 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, isolate SA1 has similarity level of 99% and 97% to the P. coffeae from NCBI. Similar result was shown by Isolate SA2 with similarity of 100% and 100% respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis using Maximum Likelihood at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions showed that P. coffeae in this study was included in one clade with P. coffeae from several countries.

The damage caused by the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in coffee plants has been reported in various countries, including Indonesia. The measures to control the nematodes on coffee seedlings and fields depend on synthetic nematicides. Addressing this issue requires not only a more environmentally friendly and cheaper technology but also equal effectiveness comparable to synthetic nematicides. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of fortified bacterial consortium (FBC) involving a combination of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), botanical pesticide, and a bacterial consortium to control M. incognita infection in Coffea arabica seedlings. The treatments in this study consisted of control, synthetic nematicide with the active ingredient fluopyram, and various FBC concentrations ranging from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The results demonstrated that the application of 60% to 100% FBC increased plant growth. The most effective and efficient treatment for increasing plant growth was the application of 60% FBC. When compared with control plants, 60% FBC treatment resulted in 6.8% longer root, 9.5% higher plant, 5.3% heavier plant fresh weight, and 4.8% heavier root fresh weight. We also found that the application of 60% to 100% FBC increased the amount of chlorophyll in leaves. FBC application also reduced the number of nematodes in the soil up to 60.6%, the number of galls up to 286.4%, and the severity of root damage up to 118.2%. This study indicates that the application of 60% FBC is the most effective and efficient in controlling M. incognita and stimulating the growth of C. arabica seedlings. Key words: Bacillus; pseudomonas; endophyte; rhizobacteria; fluopyram.

Phytonematode is one of the important pathogen infecting Arabica coffee plantation. This study is aimed to identify phytonematodes associated with the declining Arabica coffee plantation in Bondowoso, East Java. Root and soil samples were taken from the symptomatic coffee plants at Belawan and Kalisat Jampit plantations. Phytonematode were extracted from root samples by mist chamber and soil samples by centrifugation flotation methods. Five phytonematodes, that are Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne sp., Paratylenchus sp., Criconemoides sp., and Helicotylenchus sp., were identified based on their morphological characters. The highest phytonematode population is R. similis with average of 260 nematodes/10 g roots.

Hemicriconemoides cocophillus is one of the phytonematode associated with Robusta coffee plantation. Information regarding morphology, morphometry, and molecular characters of H. cocophillus has not been reported in Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe characters of H. cocophillus that was extracted from soil samples taken from Robusta coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Nematode extraction was conducted using the flotation-centrifuge method. Morphology and morphometric characters were observed from the permanent nematode slides. Single nematode DNA extract was amplified at the D2D3 segment of 28S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 with universal primers. The amplicon was sequenced and analyzed for similarity and phylogenetic tree analysis. The female morphological key character of H. cocophillus are sheath looks clear and thin, stylet strong with anchor-shaped knobs, and tail tapering to a finely rounded tip. Female morphometrics key characters are n=5, L=446.5±22.5 μm, a=15.8±0.9, b=5.3±0.2, c=13.9±1.5, stylet length=51.6±2 µm, tail length=32.3±3.2 µm. Based on the D2D3 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, H. cocophillus have similarity level of 99% and 98%, respectively with H. cocophillus from NCBI. Phylogenetic tree result using Maximum Likelihood at the D2D3 segment of 28S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions shows that H. cocophillus in this study was included in one clade with H. cocophillus from Mozambique.