The escalating demands for efficient wastewater treatment drive this study, which explores the development and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite membranes enhanced with nanocellulose (NC) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂).

Hydrogel loaded GQDs can be used for targeted bioimaging in specific diseases, including cancer, due to their small size and biocompatibility. GQDs have potential for application in cancer therapy and ability to absorb radiation to make them suitable for photothermal and photodynamic therapies.

The increasing energy demands have led modern societies to search for green and renewable alternatives. For this purpose, we have synthesized highly active MXene supported catalysts (Pd@Ti₃C₂T_x–TiO₂).

In this study, an eco-friendly strategy was used to prepare a novel SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO composite. A SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO composite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was applied for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrophenol. A simple ultrasonic method with an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz was used for the synthesis of SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO composite material. The obtained SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, field emission electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the electrical conductivity of the SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO composite. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were studied using cyclic voltammetry as well as linear sweep voltammetry techniques. In comparison to SrTiO₃/SPCE, SrTiO₃/Ag/SPCE, and SrTiO₃/rGO/SPCE electrodes, SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO/SPCE demonstrates a considerable increase in 4-nitrophenol redox peak current. At optimum conditions, a large linear response range of 0.1-1000 M, with a relatively low limit of detection (0.03 M), outperforms the previously published modified electrode for 4-nitrophenol. Moreover, the SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO/SPCE electrode-based 4-nitrophenol sensor is distinguished by good selectivity, high stability, and repeatability. Furthermore, SrTiO₃/Ag/rGO/SPCE contributed to the detection of 4-nitrophenol in river water and drinking water with the recovery range from 97.5 to 98.7%. The experimental finding was supported by density functional theory calculation.