Understanding a company’s capital structure is essential for optimizing financial resources amid the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines how the pandemic affected the capital structures of global consumer goods companies across industries, market types, and regions. In this study, a fixed effects model was employed to analyze panel-data regression data spanning from 2018 to 2022, encompassing 1491 companies across 80 countries. The results revealed a significant and positive impact of COVID-19 on capital structure in the initial two years, contrasting with a negative trend in the third year, notably in the short-term debt to total assets ratio. The pandemic’s influence on the capital structure varied across sectors, markets, and regions, starting with a consistent positive impact before shifting to a negative and significant effect. The study provides valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers grappling with the financial implications of external shocks like the pandemic. It underscores the importance of prudent financial decision-making, leveraging the opportunities stemming from a conservative debt approach, and the growing reliance on short-term debt while staying adaptable in response to evolving market dynamics and economic changes.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the principles of accountability, transparency, and participation in the management of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) as an effort to realize good governance in Teluk Bayur District, Berau Regency. Methodology: The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. Results/findings: The results show that the four villages studied—Tumbit Melayu, Labanan Jaya, Labanan Makmur, and Labanan Makarti—have made efforts to implement these principles in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 20 of 2018, although improvements are still needed in several aspects for optimization. Conclusions: The implementation of accountability, transparency, and participation has shown progress, yet it remains suboptimal. Strengthening community involvement and enhancing administrative capacity are essential to achieving better governance outcomes. Limitations: This study is limited to four villages, uses a qualitative approach that is subjective, and only focuses on three principles of good governance. Future research is suggested to cover a wider area, apply a quantitative approach, and explore other principles such as effectiveness and efficiency. Contribution: The author expresses gratitude to the academic advisor, Ms. Yunita Fitria, to the informants and village officials in Teluk Bayur, and to family and friends for their support during the preparation of this journal.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of road infrastructure, health, and education expenditures on Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) in regencies and cities in East Kalimantan Province. By evaluating these expenditures, this study seeks to determine their effectiveness in increasing local fiscal capacity and supporting sustainable economic growth.. Methodology/Approach: This study employs quantitative methods using panel data regression analysis with data collected from 2018 to 2023. This study applies E-Views software to conduct a regression analysis while performing classical assumption tests and model selection to determine the most appropriate regression model. Results/Findings: The findings indicate that Road infrastructure and education expenditures do not have a significant impact on PAD, whereas health expenditures show a marginal positive effect. The R-squared value of 0.4806 suggests that these variables explain 48% of the PAD variation, while the adjusted R-squared of 0.4206 indicates moderate explanatory power. Conclusion: The study concludes that while infrastructure spending is essential, health sector investments play a more immediate role in increasing PAD by improving workforce productivity. These findings suggest that local governments should prioritize strategic spending allocation in sectors with higher direct fiscal returns. Limitations: This study is limited to five years of data (2018-2023) and focuses solely on three expenditure categories without incorporating other factors such as industrial activity, tourism, and demographic shifts, which may also influence PAD. Contribution: This study provides empirical insights for local governments and policymakers on the effectiveness of infrastructure spending in enhancing local revenue.

Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) are very important for companies in achieving their goals. This research aims to determine management's perspective in integrating the SDGs concept which is reflected in the preparation of the company's CSR program. This research uses a qualitative method through case study approach. This research found that PT KIE carried out several program priorities for sustainability based on material aspects. There is alignment of CSR programs with sustainability goals and there are some that are not included in the Sustainability report. Furthermore, there are two things to measure integration within the company, namely linking sustainability to the company's vision and mission and relationships with company partners and government, so society benefits can increase value for stakeholders. PT KIE has reported a separate sustainability report from the company's annual report. Monitoring and evaluation reports are needed to support the company CSR programs.

Purpose: The development of tourism areas has a significant impact on regional economic growth. Strategic efforts are essential to achieve sustainability in tourism destinations in East Kalimantan Province. This study aims to analyze the concept of sustainability within tourism accounting. Methodology/approach: This qualitative research employs an interpretive approach, focusing on tourism destinations in four regions of East Kalimantan Province: Bontang City, Balikpapan City, and Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings: The findings highlight the importance of financial record-keeping and capital management in the tourism sector, demonstrating the role of accounting and financial management in supporting the sustainability of small businesses and enhancing accountability. The study also reveals tax awareness within tourism communities, where taxes contribute to infrastructure and public facilities development, such as bridges and sanitation, benefiting tourist comfort and local community safety. Finally, transparency in financial reporting is acknowledged as a key factor in building trust and accountability within tourism communities. Practical implications: This research underlines the importance of good financial management and tax awareness for sustainable tourism development, as well as strengthening the attractiveness of the local economy through transparency in the tourism sector. Originality/value: This study examines sustainability of tourism accounting in depth analysis through interpretive analysis

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh persistensi laba terhadap nilai perusahaam, pengaruh risiko sistematik terhadap nilai perusahaan, pengaruh pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dalam memoderasi hubungan persistensi laba terhadap nilai perusahaan, pengaruh pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dalam memoderasi hubungan risiko sistematik terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi melalui data laporan tahunan dan laporan keberlanjutan perusahaan indeks LQ45 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan website yang terdapat pada perusahaan. Penelitian ini mengunakan metoda statistik deskriptif dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan program SPSS versi 25 dengan melakukan uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, uji F, uji koefisien determinasi, uji analisis Moderated Regression Analysis, dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persistensi laba berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, risiko sistematik berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan, CSR memperkuat hubungan persistensi laba dengan nilai perusahaan, dan CSR memperkuat hubungan risiko sistematik dengan nilai perusahaan.