Understanding a company’s capital structure is essential for optimizing financial resources amid the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines how the pandemic affected the capital structures of global consumer goods companies across industries, market types, and regions. In this study, a fixed effects model was employed to analyze panel-data regression data spanning from 2018 to 2022, encompassing 1491 companies across 80 countries. The results revealed a significant and positive impact of COVID-19 on capital structure in the initial two years, contrasting with a negative trend in the third year, notably in the short-term debt to total assets ratio. The pandemic’s influence on the capital structure varied across sectors, markets, and regions, starting with a consistent positive impact before shifting to a negative and significant effect. The study provides valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers grappling with the financial implications of external shocks like the pandemic. It underscores the importance of prudent financial decision-making, leveraging the opportunities stemming from a conservative debt approach, and the growing reliance on short-term debt while staying adaptable in response to evolving market dynamics and economic changes.

Makalah penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh diversifikasi portofolio terhadap manajemen risiko dan kinerja investasi pada investor individu di Jakarta, Indonesia. Diversifikasi portofolio, sebuah strategi fundamental yang berakar pada Teori Portofolio Modern, bertujuan untuk menyeimbangkan pengurangan risiko dan optimalisasi kinerja dengan menyebarkan investasi di berbagai kelas aset. Data dikumpulkan dari 110 investor individu melalui survei terstruktur, menangkap informasi tentang demografi, variabel terkait investasi, komposisi portofolio, dan kinerja investasi historis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan temuan-temuan yang signifikan: Diversifikasi portofolio menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan deviasi standar dan beta, yang menyoroti perannya dalam pengurangan risiko. Diversifikasi memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap kinerja investasi, yang bertentangan dengan kesalahpahaman bahwa diversifikasi harus mengorbankan imbal hasil. Perbedaan tingkat diversifikasi berdasarkan usia menunjukkan bahwa investor yang lebih muda lebih cenderung melakukan diversifikasi, sementara investor yang lebih tua cenderung memiliki portofolio yang lebih konservatif. Toleransi risiko memengaruhi tingkat diversifikasi, dengan investor yang toleran terhadap risiko akan memilih tingkat diversifikasi yang lebih tinggi.

Entrepreneurship and innovation are significant economic growth factors in cities, including Bandung, Indonesia. This study intends to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial intellectual capital on Bandung's economic growth. Using a convenience sampling technique, data were obtained from 300 Bandung entrepreneurs. Even after controlling for other characteristics such as education, age, and gender, the study discovered that entrepreneurial intellectual capital has a considerable beneficial impact on Bandung's economic growth. This research shows that officials in Bandung should prioritize fostering entrepreneurship and innovation to assist the city's economic growth.

Lanskap keuangan sedang mengalami perubahan paradigma dengan munculnya aset digital, terutama mata uang kripto, yang telah menangkap imajinasi para investor di seluruh dunia. Di antara para investor ini, individu-individu muda terlihat menonjol karena partisipasi mereka yang semakin meningkat di pasar aset digital. Di Kota Bandung, Indonesia, populasi anak muda yang melek teknologi berada di garis depan tren transformatif ini. Penelitian ini berjudul bertujuan untuk mempelajari lebih dalam tentang dinamika investasi cryptocurrency di kalangan anak muda Bandung. Dengan menyelidiki perilaku, persepsi risiko, strategi investasi, motivasi, dan pengaruh demografis mereka, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi wawasan yang berharga untuk bidang investasi aset digital yang terus berkembang. Berada dalam konteks yang lebih luas dari pasar keuangan yang terus berubah, penelitian ini berusaha untuk memberikan informasi kepada para pembuat kebijakan, lembaga keuangan, dan investor muda itu sendiri ketika mereka menavigasi seluk-beluk lanskap aset digital.

This paper aims to develop and evaluate an analytical framework for optimising environmental, social, and governance (ESG) mutual fund portfolios by integrating green banking performance and ecotourism investment opportunities in the buffer cities of the Capital City of Nusantara/Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN). This study adopts a multi-objective analytical framework that combines Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM), mean–variance optimization, Monte Carlo simulation, and scenario analysis to evaluate risk-adjusted returns and scenario-based outcomes in ESG portfolio optimization.ESG performance and financial data from ten Indonesian banks are combined with ecotourism potential assessments from field observations and stakeholder interviews in IKN. The results reveal that regulatory support, banking ESG performance, and asset allocation significantly influence ESG portfolio optimization, while ecotourism opportunities act as a strategic complement. Interaction effects between ESG performance and ecotourism potential enhance portfolio resilience under varying scenarios. Mean-variance optimization and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that integrating ecotourism investments improves risk-adjusted returns without compromising ESG compliance. Scenario analysis confirms robustness across economic and environmental conditions.