In this research, a new multilayered mamdani fuzzy inference system (Ml-MFIS) is proposed to diagnose hepatitis B. The proposed automated diagnosis of hepatitis B using multilayer mamdani fuzzy inference system (ADHB-ML-MFIS) expert system can classify the different stages of hepatitis B such as no hepatitis, acute HBV, or chronic HBV. The expert system has two input variables at layer I and seven input variables at layer II. At layer I, input variables are ALT and AST that detect the output condition of the liver to be normal or to have hepatitis or infection and/or other problems. The further input variables at layer II are HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, anti-HBcAg, anti-HBcAg-IgM, HBeAg, anti-HBeAg, and HBV-DNA that determine the output condition of hepatitis such as no hepatitis, acute hepatitis, or chronic hepatitis and other reasons that arise due to enzyme vaccination or due to previous hepatitis infection. This paper presents an analysis of the results accurately using the proposed ADHB-ML-MFIS expert system to model the complex hepatitis B processes with the medical expert opinion that is collected from the Pathology Department of Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The overall accuracy of the proposed ADHB-ML-MFIS expert system is 92.2%.

Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology is one of the latest technologies to enhance the capacity of the channel as well as the service quality of the communication system. By using the MIMO technology at the physical layer, the estimation of the data and the channel is performed based on the principle of maximum likelihood. For this purpose, the continuous and discrete fuzzy logic-empowered opposite learning-based mutant particle swarm optimization (FL-OLMPSO) algorithm is used over the Rayleigh fading channel in three levels. The data and the channel populations are prepared during the first level of the algorithm, while the channel parameters are estimated in the second level of the algorithm by using the continuous FL-OLMPSO. After determining the channel parameters, the transmitted symbols are evaluated in the 3rd level of the algorithm by using the channel parameters along with the discrete FL-OLMPSO. To enhance the convergence rate of the FL-OLMPSO algorithm, the velocity factor is updated using fuzzy logic. In this article, two variants, FL-total OLMPSO (FL-TOLMPSO) and FL-partial OLMPSO (FL-POLMPSO) of FL-OLMPSO, are proposed. The simulation results of proposed techniques show desirable results regarding MMCE, MMSE, and BER as compared to conventional opposite learning mutant PSO (TOLMPSO and POLMPSO) techniques.

Security is a significant issue for everyone due to new and creative ways to commit cybercrime. The Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are being installed in offices, houses, shopping malls, and on streets to protect lives. Operators monitor CCTV; however, it is difficult for a single person to monitor the actions of multiple people at one time. Consequently, there is a dire need for an automated monitoring system that detects a person with ammunition or any other harmful material Based on our research and findings of this study, we have designed a new Intelligent Ammunition Detection and Classification (IADC) system using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed system is designed to identify persons carrying weapons and ammunition using CCTV cameras. When weapons are identified, the cameras sound an alarm. In the proposed IADC system, CNN was used to detect firearms and ammunition. The CNN model which is a Deep Learning technique consists of neural networks, most commonly applied to analyzing visual imagery has gained popularity for unstructured (images, videos) data classification. Additionally, this system generates an early warning through detection of ammunition before conditions become critical. Hence the faster and earlier the prediction, the lower the response time, loses and potential victims. The proposed IADC system provides better results than earlier published models like VGGNet, OverFeat-1, OverFeat-2, and OverFeat-3.

Smart cities have emerged as a specialized domain encompassing various technologies, transitioning from civil engineering to technology-driven solutions. The accelerated development of technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), software-defined networks (SDN), 5G, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and analytics, has played a crucial role in providing solutions for smart cities. Smart cities heavily rely on devices, ad hoc networks, and cloud computing to integrate and streamline various activities towards common goals. However, the complexity arising from multiple cloud service providers offering myriad services necessitates a stable and coherent platform for sustainable operations. The Smart City Operational Platform Ecology (SCOPE) model has been developed to address the growing demands, and incorporates machine learning, cognitive correlates, ecosystem management, and security. SCOPE provides an ecosystem that establishes a balance for achieving sustainability and progress. In the context of smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT) devices play a significant role in enabling automation and data capture. This research paper focuses on a specific module of SCOPE, which deals with data processing and learning mechanisms for object identification in smart cities. Specifically, it presents a car parking system that utilizes smart identification techniques to identify vacant slots. The learning controller in SCOPE employs a two-tier approach, and utilizes two different models, namely Alex Net and YOLO, to ensure procedural stability and improvement.