Biomedical imaging plays a critical role in medical diagnostics and research, yet image noise remains a significant challenge that hinders accurate analysis. To address this issue, we propose BDNet, a real-time biomedical image denoising network optimized for enhancing gradient and high-frequency information while effectively suppressing noise. The network adopts a lightweight U-Net-inspired encoder–decoder architecture, incorporating a Convolutional Block Attention Module at the bottleneck to refine spatial and channel-wise feature extraction. A novel gradient-based loss function—combining Sobel operator-derived gradient loss with L1, L2, and LSSIM losses—ensures faithful preservation of fine structural details. Extensive experiments on the Fluorescence Microscopy Denoising (FMD) dataset demonstrate that BDNet achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple metrics, including PSNR, RMSE, SSIM, and LPIPS, outperforming both convolutional and Transformer-based models in accuracy and efficiency. With its superior denoising capability and real-time inference speed, BDNet provides an effective and practical solution for improving biomedical image quality, particularly in fluorescence microscopy applications.

Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in microfluidic systems often results in bubble formation post-amplification, leading to microdroplet fragmentation and compromised detection accuracy. To solve this issue, this study introduces a method based on the constant pressure regulation of microdroplets during PCR within microfluidic chips. An ideal pressure reference value for continuous pressure control was produced by examining air solubility in water at various pressures and temperatures as well as modeling air saturation solubility against pressure for various temperature scenarios. Employing a high-efficiency constant pressure device facilitates precise modulation of the microfluidic chip’s inlet and outlet pressure. This ensures that air solubility remains unsaturated during PCR amplification, preventing bubble precipitation and maintaining microdroplet integrity. The device and chip were subsequently utilized for quantitative analysis of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 18 gene, with results indicating a strong linear relationship between detection signal and DNA concentration within a range of 10¹–10⁵ copies/μL (R² = 0.999). By thwarting bubble generation during PCR process, the constant pressure methodology enhances microdroplet stability and PCR efficiency, underscoring its significant potential for nucleic acid quantification and trace detection.

In addressing the detection of drug resistance in Helicobacter pylori, we have successfully developed an efficient and highly accurate detection methodology. Initially, we designed and fabricated a microarray chip, which underwent finite element analysis for its optical and thermal characteristics. Ultimately, COC material was chosen as the processing material for the chip, ensuring superior performance. Subsequently, we established a comprehensive detection system and validated its performance. Following that, comparative experiments were conducted for detecting drug resistance in H. pylori. The experimental results indicate that our established methodology aligns with the results obtained using the E-test detection kit, achieving a concordance rate of 100%. In comparison to the E-test detection kit, our methodology reduces the detection time to 1.5 h and provides a more extensive coverage of detection sites.

To overcome the limitations of repeated GH injection therapy, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) composite hydrogel microneedles were fabricated for potential non-invasive transdermal delivery of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and long-acting human growth hormone Fc fusion protein (hGH-Fc). All-atom molecular dynamics simulations combined with morphological, mechanical, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization were applied to screen optimal microneedle formulations, with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Parafilm M penetration tests verifying physicochemical compatibility and insertion capability. MD simulations revealed that rhGH stabilized the matrix via hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, while hGH-Fc bound mainly through van der Waals forces. Through orthogonal screening of GelMA (5%, 10%, 15%) and HA (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%), the 10% GelMA with 0.5–2% HA was identified as the optimal range; the representative 10% GelMA/1% HA formulation exhibited a single-tip force exceeding 1.40 N and ~500 μm penetration in Parafilm M. This study offers a theoretical and technical basis for the design and optimization of hydrogel microneedle carriers for short- and long-acting GH delivery.

Phosphate plays a crucial role in microbial proliferation, and the regulation of the phosphate concentration can modulate the fermentation efficiency. In this study, based on Lambert–Beer’s Law and the selective absorption characteristics of substances under light, a dual-light-type photoelectric colorimetric device for phosphate determination was designed. The device’s main components, such as the excitation light path and incubation stations, were modeled and simulated. The primary performance of the instrument was verified, and comparative experiments with a UV-1780 spectrophotometer were conducted to validate its performance. The experimental results demonstrate that this device exhibits a high degree of linearity with an R² value of 0.9956 and a repeatability of ≤1.72%. The average temperature rise rate at the incubation stations was measured at 0.44 °C/s, with a temperature uniformity ≤ ±0.1 °C (temperature set at 37.3 °C). Consistently observed trends in the measurement of 23 CHO cell suspensions using the UV-1780 spectrophotometer further validated the accuracy and reliability of the device’s detection results.

Background: Fracture healing has always been a major challenge in clinical practice. This study aims to explore the effect of human growth hormone-Fc fusion protein on the healing of a rat tibial fracture model and its possible mechanisms of action. Methods: By assessing the levels of growth hormone effectors IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in rats, combined with Micro-CT scanning and pathological staining slices, we investigated the pathological effects of subcutaneous injection of human growth hormone-Fc fusion protein for 28 days on the healing of rat tibial fractures. Serum metabolomics studies were conducted using the AB Triple TOF 6600 mass spectrometer to further investigate the bio-metabolites relevant to fracture healing influenced by the human growth hormone-Fc fusion protein. Results: The study showed that after administration of the growth hormone-Fc fusion protein, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in rat blood were significantly increased. Micro-CT scans and pathological staining also demonstrated that the high-dose group had a marked promoting effect on fracture healing, with a healing rate significantly superior to the positive drug group; the medium and low dose groups also showed certain degrees of promotion. Metabolomic results revealed that the growth hormone could regulate 17 metabolites, affecting 8 metabolic pathways in relation to fracture healing. Conclusion: The study found that the growth hormone-Fc fusion protein shortened the healing period of the rat tibial fracture model by more than 1 week, possibly by influencing the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 factors, as well as regulating 17 metabolites in 8 metabolic pathways—including starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, terpene backbone biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, retinol metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism—thus promoting fracture healing. This provides a basis for subsequent larger-scale, multicenter experiments and clinical translational research on FcGH in the treatment of fractures.