Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The palm oil industry must look at the market competition map, starting from competing countries and other export opportunities to absorb palm oil products to increase state revenues. This paper analyzes the new challenges and opportunities for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia in international trade. Analytical tools were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Dynamic Product Export and X-model Potential Export. The results showed that Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil commodities obtained an RCA value of more than 1 and an RSCA value of close to 1. Indonesia is more competitive than Malaysia. The X-model showed that Indonesian CPO market share optimism is only in India and the rest is less potent. Malaysian CPO market share also has less potential. Therefore, Indonesia’s new challenges are export tariffs, obstructed access, insufficient downstream production and a black campaign. The opportunity for participation in the CPO export market is only in India compared to Malaysia, which has less potential. The two countries have less potential in destinations such as the Netherlands, USA, China and Kenya. Indonesia can take external policies by establishing cooperation with export destination countries, such as trade agreements, so that information about Indonesian palm oil is well received. Meanwhile, internal policies strengthen domestic downstream industry policies, such as the food, health, and renewable energy industries, to strengthen the domestic economy and improve the welfare of Indonesian palm oil farmers.

Cocoa is one of the plantation’s leading commodities which has a considerable contribution to the Indonesian economy, including sources of farmers’ income, producers of industrial raw materials, and creators of employment. The free and competitive facing of free trade, requires that plantation products have competitiveness in order to be able to survive and attract the public compared to similar imported commodity products. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi and analyze the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi. The analysis method uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Through this matrix, the criteria for Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and the Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) that can be competitive and comparative advantages can be calculated. The results of this study indicate that cocoa commodities have competitiveness seen from comparative and competitive advantages as indicated by the value of DRCR<1 and DRCR<1. The value of cocoa commodities of DRCR and RBP is 0.20 and 0.22. The smaller the value of DRCR and RBP is obtained, the higher the level of comparative and competitive advantages possessed. Government policies on input-output that have been in effect so far have not been effectively protected by cocoa farmers, which means the government has not had a positive impact on cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi. This can be seen from the private price which is lower than the social price.

Some of the major problems in cashew marketing performance are low production, inefficient marketing system and low income received by farmers. In addition, farmer with a low bargaining position will only receive prices from market players in the midst of increasing demand and competition in the market. The aim of this study is to examine the behavior and performance of the cashew market in South Buton Regency, Indonesia. Furthermore, the marketing channels, margins, costs and benefits received by each agency were used to analyze the technical and economic efficiency. In addition, random and snowball sampling techniques were applied to determine the farmers and traders, respectively. The results showed that the behavior of market price was based on the cost analysis, supply and demand, as well as the expected benefit. Meanwhile, the transactions were made partially (initial payment before and after the products were sold) and some in cash. The market players were unique in providing cooperate capital to farmers. Moreover, the market performance shows an efficient system from the two channel patterns formed, close distance indicates a technically efficient system and low marketing cost indicates economic efficiency.

Culinary diversity, such as nasi goreng, which is easily found both at street food to luxury restaurants in Indonesia, is the most popular thing for foreign tourists. The development of nasi goreng over time has solidified its status as a globally recognized cultural and national identity of Indonesia. Recently, nasi goreng stands as a national dish, rivaling and surpassing other international delicacies in popularity and flavor. However, there is a pressing need to promote the unique characteristics of Indonesian nasi goreng globally to enhance the international appeal and boost regional tourism potential. This review aims to delve into the history, diversity and uniqueness of Indonesian nasi goreng, examining the role in enhancing local tourism and promoting Indonesia’s cultural heritage. Our study showed that although nasi goreng is served in the same way, each nasi goreng in Indonesia has unique characteristics depending on the characteristics of the region. The variation in complementary ingredients across different regions contributes to Indonesia’s rich diversity of nasi goreng types. The beauty of tourism is also present in all regions of Indonesia. Promoting Indonesian culinary tourism should expose various traditional Indonesian foods and promote the beauty of tourism from the origin of the food itself. Therefore, exploring the rich history and unique flavors of Indonesian nasi goreng not only highlights the essence of the nation's culinary heritage but also serves as a gateway to promoting Indonesia as a vibrant and enticing tourist destination on the global stage.

Specific targets for this study is to increase the income of seaweed farmers through increasing regional competitiveness in South Sulawesi Province and an arrangement for alternative policy patterns in the development of seaweed agribusiness in Bulukumba Regency. The research location is in Bulukumba Regency which one of the centers of seaweed production in South Sulawesi Province. This research was descriptive qualitative-quantitative research. The survey research method was used as the basis of the research design. Data collection was carried out using individual interviews and in-depth interviews through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for socio-economic institutions of seaweed farmers, policymakers and stakeholders. The results showed that the feasibility level of seaweed farming was quite high even though there were variations between regions. The variation in the lower level of profitability of farming in the Bonto Bahari Sub District area which is allegedly caused by the pollution impact caused by the operation of an asphalt processing plant in the local seaweed cultivation area. The institution of seaweed farmers has not yet functioned well even though there are still farmers who do not have a group. It is recommended to develop the seaweed business both in scale and the number of its business units and to conduct a special study of the role of institutions and the environmental impacts that are allegedly caused by asphalt processing plants.

Food is a basic need that is the right of every human being. Food quality determinants are the diversity of food, nutritional balance and food security. During childhood growth requires adequate nutrient intake to grow optimally and not susceptible to disease. The aim of the research is to know the pattern of food intake, food diversification and nutritional status of elementary school children in Tanete Riattang Barat sub-district, Bone regency, South Sulawesi and also to analyze the correlation between socioeconomic characteristic with food culture and nutrient sufficiency level that impact on elementary school children in Tanete Riattang Barat sub-district, Bone regency, South Sulawesi. This research uses a quantitative method. The locations are in three elementary schools in Tanete Riattang Barat Subdistrict, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The results of this study were the most significant consumption level of elementary school children is in the oily fruit seed group. At the time of diversification food reached an adequate category and most children had normal nutritional status. There is a significant correlation between socioeconomic and children’s food consumption patterns in the types of grain, animals, oil and fat, sugar, vegetables and fruits, and other types of food and there is no significant correlation with the types of tubers, nuts oily nuts and seeds. Then between socio-economic and nutritional adequacy of children showed a significant relationship.