This narrative review explores the potential effects of Propolis and its bioactive compounds on bone health. Propolis, a resinous product collected by bees, is renowned for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Recent research emphasizes its positive role in osteogenesis, primarily through the modulation of osteoclast and osteoblast activity via molecular pathways. Key mechanisms include reducing inflammatory cytokines, protecting against oxidative stress, and upregulating growth factor essential for bone formation. While compounds such as Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, Apigenin, Quercetin, and Ferulic Acid have been well-documented, emerging evidence points to the significant roles of less-studied compounds like Pinocembrin, Kaempferol, p-Coumaric acid, and Galangin. This review synthesizes the current literature, focusing on the mechanisms by which these bioactive compounds influence osteogenesis. Firstly, it explores the techniques for characterizing bioactive compounds presented in propolis, the chemogeographic variations in its composition, and the effects of both crude extracts and isolated compounds on bone tissue, offering a comprehensive analysis of recent findings across different experimental models. Further, it discusses the effects of Propolis compounds on bone health. In summary, these compounds modulate signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa beta, wingless-related integration site, mitogen-activated protein kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and reactive oxygen species. These pathways influence the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand/osteoprotegerin system, fostering bone cell differentiation. This regulation mitigates excessive osteoclast formation, stimulates osteoblast activity, and ultimately contributes to the restoration of bone homeostasis by maintaining a balanced bone remodeling process.

Background/Objectives: Tibial diaphysis fractures are common injuries resulting from high-to-low-energy traumas in patients of all age groups, but few reports currently provide complementary parameters for the assessment of bone healing processes in the postoperative period. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the scores from the Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial Fractures (RUST) can promote new horizons in this context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the behavior of ALP and RUST through within-subject comparisons from immediately post-surgery to 49 days after tibial diaphysis fracture repair. Methods: This article included four case studies where patients underwent the same procedures. Adults of both sexes aged 18 to 60 years with tibial fractures requiring surgery were included. After surgical intervention (T1), the patients were followed for 49 days after surgery, returning for follow-up appointments on the 21st (T2) and 49th (T3) days. At the follow-up appointments, new X-ray images were obtained, and blood samples were collected for ALP measurement. Results: Serum ALP levels increased by T2 following tibial reamed intramedullary nailing surgery. While this increase persisted into T3 for two patients, a decline was observed during the same period for the other two patients. Both events are indicative of the bone consolidation process, and RUST scores at the T3 corroborate this perspective for all patients included in this study. Considering that delta ALP (T3-T1 value) was lower in patients who exhibited the highest RUST score, we suggest that a synchronized analysis between ALP and RUST allows medics to diagnose bone consolidation. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the analysis of ALP alongside RUST may be complementary for evaluating bone consolidation following tibial reamed intramedullary nailing surgery, but future studies are needed to confirm this assertion.

To carry out a retrospective analysis on the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic options in cases of tendinopathy of the anterior compartment of the ankle. 13 patients underwent surgery between September 1998 and February 2009; ten men and three women. The right side was involved in twelve patients and the left in one. The mean age was 35 years (range 15-67). The etiology was traumatic in eight patients and degenerative (non-traumatic) in five. The mean time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment was 19 months (range 1 - 60) and the mean length of follow-up was 34 months (range 4 - 127). The diagnosis was made through anamnesis and clinical examination. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on nine patients, for staging and planning. The surgical treatment was personalized in each case (synovectomy, resection of the muscle belly, consolidation with the adjacent tendon, and free grafting of the semitendinosus tendon). The following scales were used to evaluate the results: 1) subjective satisfaction scale, 2) AOFAS and 3) Maryland. In relation to the subjective satisfaction scale, 12 patients were satisfied and one was dissatisfied. The mean AOFAS score was 80 points, and the mean Maryland scale was 86 points. Surgical treatment is effective for restoring function. The surgical techniques need to be personalized. The option of free grafting of the semitendinosus tendon is effective for gaps larger than five centimeters.

BackgroundMinimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus (MIS-HV) has become a prominent topic in orthopaedic research, with a rapidly growing body of literature.PurposeThis study provides a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on MIS-HV to identify publication trends, influential contributors, collaboration networks, and major research themes.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database for articles published between 2005 and 2025. The bibliometrix was used to extract and analyse data, including annual scientific production, author and country productivity, journal distribution, and bibliometric laws (Lotka's and Bradford's).ResultsA total of 142 articles from 38 journals were analysed, involving 563 authors from multiple countries. Annual scientific production demonstrated a significant increasing trend with an annual growth rate of 16.71%. The most productive authors were Lewis T.L. (n = 12). Foot & Ankle International was the most prolific journal with 31 publications (21.8%). Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed major research clusters centred on surgical techniques (MICA, chevron osteotomy), patient-reported outcomes (MOXFQ), and fundamental concepts of the deformity. Retrospective case series were the most common study design (n = 94), followed by prospective case series (n = 19), with only nine randomised controlled trials identified.ConclusionsResearch on MIS-HV has grown exponentially over the last decade, mirroring the global adoption of third and fourth-generation techniques. This analysis maps the field's intellectual structure and highlights key contributors, collaborative networks, and evolving research trends, while underscoring the critical scarcity of multicentre randomised controlled trials.Study DesignBibliometric analysis.