Knee ligament injuries are most common in sports injuries. In general, ligament repair or reconstruction is necessary to restore the stability of the knee joint and prevent secondary injuries. Despite advances in ligament repair and reconstruction techniques, a number of patients still experience re-rupture of the graft and suboptimal recovery of motor function. Since Dr. Mackay’s introduction of the internal brace technique, there has been continuous research in recent years using the internal brace ligament augmentation technique for knee ligament repair or reconstruction, particularly in the repair or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. This technique focuses on increasing the strength of autologous or allograft tendon grafts through the use of braided ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene suture tapes to facilitate postoperative rehabilitation and avoid re-rupture or failure. The purpose of this review is to present detailed research progress in the internal brace ligament enhancement technique of knee ligament injury repair as well as the reconstruction from biomechanical and histological research and clinical studies and to comprehensively assess the value of the application of this technique.

Autologous and recombinant biologic substances have been generated as a result of the research into the cellular features of the healing process. Orthobiologics are increasingly being used in sports medicine and musculoskeletal surgery. Nevertheless, clinical data are limited; consequently, further studies are required, particularly in foot and ankle pathologies. This review aims to provide evidence of the most recent literature results and ignite the interest of orthopedic specialists eager for an update about the most current discussion on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) clinical applications in the foot and ankle fields. Previous studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma can be beneficial in treating various conditions, such as chronic foot ulcers, osteoarthritis, Achilles tendinopathy, etc. Despite the positive effects of PRP on various musculoskeletal conditions, more prospective studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness at treating ankle and foot pathologies. In addition to clinical trials, other factors, such as the quality of the research and the procedures involved, must be considered before they can be used in patients. More long-term evaluations are needed to support or oppose its application in treating foot and ankle disorders. We present the most extensive review of PRP’s clinical applications in the foot and ankle field.

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) presents an increasing clinical challenge with higher failure rates than primary reconstruction. However, the evolving research landscape and clinical evidence regarding key biomechanical risk factors remain incompletely synthesized. Methods: A sequential dual methodological approach was applied. First, a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science Core Collection was performed to map global research trends and identify emerging hotspots. Based on the identified hotspot, a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was subsequently conducted. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were synthesized using random-effects models in R. Results: The bibliometric analysis included 4213 publications and demonstrated exponential growth in revision ACLR research, identifying posterior tibial slope (PTS) as the dominant research hotspot. A meta-analysis of 11 studies involving 299 patients showed significant postoperative improvements in patient-reported outcomes and objective knee stability measures, along with a mean PTS reduction of 8.72° (95% CI 7.84–9.60; p < 0.001), while no significant change in patellar height was observed. The pooled return-to-sport rate was 74% (95% CI 64–82%), and the most common complications were symptomatic hardware and postoperative recurvatum. Conclusions: PTS has emerged as a key focus in revision ACLR research, and addressing this biomechanical factor may be associated with improved functional and radiographic outcomes. However, current evidence is mainly derived from retrospective studies, and further prospective research is needed to confirm long-term efficacy and refine surgical indications.