Hyperammonemia is characterized by the excessive accumulation of ammonia in the body as a result of the loss of liver detoxification, leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). These metabolic alterations carry cognitive and motor deficits and cause neuronal damage, with no effective treatment at present. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of two subacute oral administrations of flaxseed oil (0.26 and 0.52 mL/kg) on short- and long-term memory, visuospatial memory, locomotor activity, motor coordination, and the neuronal morphology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via tests on Wistar rats with hyperammonemia. The goal was to identify its role in the regulation of cerebral edema, without liver damage causing cerebral failure. In contrast with an ammonium-rich diet, flaxseed oil and normal foods did not cause cognitive impairment or motor alterations, as evidenced in the short-term and visuospatial memory tests. Furthermore, the flaxseed oil treatment maintained a regular neuronal morphology of the prefrontal cortex, which represents a neuroprotective effect. We conclude that the oral administration of flaxseed oil prevents cognitive and motor impairments as well as neuronal alterations in rats with hyperammonemia, which supports the potential use of this oil to ameliorate the changes that occur in hepatic encephalopathy.

En las últimas décadas se ha buscado una verdadera inclusión en cuanto a educación se refiere, sobre todo considerando que la educación inclusiva hace referencia a educar según las necesidades de cada persona. Esto ha sido aún más difícil en el ámbito de educación superior en áreas científicas, donde se cuenta con un alto número de estudiantes matriculados que esperan desarrollar habilidades en ciencias, lo que hace más difícil atender individualidades en el proceso para formar personas productivas con responsabilidad social, por lo que es necesario buscar estrategias de inclusión que apoyen en este trayecto.

Verbesina persicifolia DC, commonly known as huichín, is a plant mainly used in Mexican traditional medicine, recognized for its property to treat a wide range of gastrointestinal, inflammatory, renal, and metabolic disorders. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological literature related to this species, including studies published from 1980 to 2025 retrieved from international databases and specialized sources. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of several bioactive metabolites, including eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, all of which are associated with diverse biological activities. Experimentally, both crude extracts and isolated compounds have demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, wound-healing, and anxiolytic effects in cellular and animal models, thus corroborating the ethnobotanical knowledge accumulated through generations. In recent years, nanotechnology has enabled the development of zinc oxide nanocomplexes combined with V. persicifolia extracts (ZnO-Vp), which have enhanced its therapeutic efficacy and achieved outcomes comparable to conventional drugs such as glibenclamide, naproxen, and diazepam. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain regarding in the standardization of extracts, the characterization of underlying molecular mechanisms, and necessity of run clinical trials in humans. The available scientific evidence positions V. persicifolia as a promising candidate for the development of innovative phytopharmaceuticals, needed to solve health necessities in mexican society.

La farmacovigilancia es una disciplina encargada de detectar, eva-luar y prevenir problemas de seguridad relacionados con medica-mentos y vacunas. Surgió tras las tragedias el "elixir sulfanila-mida" en 1937 y el de la talidomida en los años 60, que evidencia-ron riesgos graves. La farmacovigilancia se basa en recolectar y analizar datos sobre efectos adversos para construir perfiles y pro-teger a los pacientes. En México nació en 1989 con la notificación voluntaria de reacciones adversas, hoy la industria farmacéutica participa activamente en el monitoreo post-comercialización, ac-tualización de información para prescribir y retiro de productos, garantizando seguridad y confianza en la práctica farmacéutica.