As tourism village development proliferates in Indonesia, discernible disparities in perceived benefits among tourism and non-tourism stakeholders have been noted, suggesting that the advantages of tourism are not uniformly distributed among the community. Here, social capital, representing interpersonal trust, networks, and shared norms, emerges as a significant catalyst for resolving the identified challenges and securing community endorsement for sustainable village tourism. This investigation aims to explore the role of social capital and the extent of non-tourism actor engagement in facilitating the longevity of a selected Indonesian tourism village. Data concerning social capital and community involvement were procured via questionnaires administered to 270 respondents, the majority of whom were non-tourism actors within the village. The collected data were subsequently scrutinised utilising Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study found that while these non-tourism actors are primarily of productive age, their education levels are relatively low and their primary occupations are low-income farming. Intriguingly, these individuals demonstrate substantial social capital despite their lack of direct engagement in tourism activities, which could be harnessed to promote their active involvement in sustainable village tourism. The research further underscores that trust, a fundamental facet of social capital, is instrumental in cultivating community networks and promoting active participation among non-tourism actors. The understanding derived from this research is hoped to provide a basis for policy formulation, aimed at fostering non-tourism actor engagement in tourism-centric activities, thereby allowing them access to the tourism industry benefits, such as secondary income through tourism-related jobs.

Bangelan is one of the villages which proclaim as a tourism village in Malang Regency. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted tourist visits, causing considerable losses to tourism economic activityr. This study aims to determine the structure of community adaptation in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with social capital and collective actions to restore socioeconomic conditions. Assessment of social capital used three variables: trust, social norms, and social networks, each of which identifies its relationship with collective action. This study used descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the data were obtained from the questionnaire. The study results explain that the norm variable in social capital wasthe most influential for the community to make decisions in taking collective action to restore the socioeconomic conditions. The norms were based on compliance with applicable norms and social sanctions against those who violate. Social norms affected almost every aspect of people's lives and became development pillars. The success of development efforts depended on conforming to or contradicting the development with pre-existing norms. In addition, the role of the community as hosts was the most important element in tourism development where they lived. Furthermore, norms could prevent outsiders from taking the opportunities that often dominate the development of local tourism destinations.JEL Classification I32; R23; R51

Stunting—defined by the World Health Organization as a height-for-age z-score < −2 SD—signals chronic undernutrition that impairs both physical and cognitive development. This study investigates how the three pillars of food security (availability, access, utilization) influence stunting prevention efforts in the Bondowoso Regency, East Java, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey of 113 mothers of stunted children (0–59 months) was analysed with Structural Equation Modelling using Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The model reveals significant positive paths from food security pillars to composite stunting prevention behaviours (β = 0.18–0.86, p < 0.05), with availability emerging as the strongest predictor. These findings highlight food security as a lever for reducing the local stunting prevalence (local 32% vs. national 24.4%) and provide evidence for community-based nutrition programmes in similar agrarian districts. Strengthening food security is therefore essential to safeguarding child well-being in vulnerable Indonesian communities.

Social capital is a key element in sustainable development and natural resource management. In the context of clean water management, an in-depth understanding of social capital can reveal the dynamics of social interactions between individuals and groups in the community. Social capital includes aspects of trust, social networks, and social norms that shape the way people interact and cooperate. This research aims to evaluate the condition of community social capital in utilizing clean water in Pagak District through SEM-PLS analysis. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 267 households, distributed proportionately in each village in Pagak District. The research results show that most of the factors studied reflect the condition of social capital. However, there are several factors that were considered immaterial and were removed from the analysis model. These factors include trust in individuals with different ethnic or cultural backgrounds, cultural activities in the village, and payment of water source maintenance fees. This research emphasizes the need for a holistic and collaborative research approach to understand the social capital of village communities in the context of clean water management, involving various scientific disciplines and stakeholders.

In 2020, Covid-19 pandemic firstly hit many countries including Indonesia. Since then, the methods on disseminating the agricultural technology have evolved accordingly. This paper assessed nine series of virtual and on-site technical trainings (or the so-called Bimtek in this paper) carried out from February to November 2020 in nine sub-districts from five provinces. Zoom application was used to deliver the materials during virtual Bimtek. Whilst, on-site training applied such methods: meeting in the classroom and field visit to practice the technology. The participants were diverse, among others: farmers and millennial farmers, extension officers, lecturers, college students and community (551 in total). The nature of participants depended on the type of Bimtek. Results showed that both Bimtek had the range of value between 70-85% in term of materials to meet the needs, materials to be applied, motivation and technical assistance from resource person. However, the percentage of knowledge change in virtual was higher than that in on-site Bimtek. Initial assessment showed that participants had good knowledge in remembering the technology, even some had also applied the technology in their farming practice. Thus, both Bimtek could improve farmers’ knowledge, from which the intention to change the farming practice could be persuaded.

Rural communities in Indonesia are experiencing rapid socio-economic transitions driven by agricultural modernization, tourism expansion, and shifting livelihood structures. Understanding how internal community assets, particularly human capital and social capital, shape these transitions is essential for advancing sustainable development. This study investigates the roles of human and social capital in enhancing rural sustainability and community well-being, framing the analysis within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM; n = 214) with qualitative field insights, the study compares two contrasting village contexts: an agritourism community (Sidomulyo Village) and an organic-farming community (Lombok Kulon Village). Findings indicate that human and social capital significantly shape rural sustainability through distinct, context-dependent development pathways. In agritourism village settings, social capital (R² = 0.46 (Lombok Kulon) and 0.29 (Sidomulyo))—manifested through trust, shared norms, and cooperative networks—serves as the primary driver supporting SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by fostering collective governance and diversified local economies. In contrast, the organic-farming community relies more strongly on human capital—agricultural knowledge, skills, and adaptive capacities, which reinforces food security and ecological resilience in alignment with SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The model explains 57% of community-welfare variance in Lombok Kulon and 64% in Sidomulyo. The study contributes theoretically by linking capital formation to rural transformation pathways and provides policy-relevant insights for community empowerment, sustainable rural development.