Recent studies indicate that nurses experienced high levels of occupational burnout and insomnia during and after the pandemic and highlight resilience as a crucial competence for overcoming adversity. The aim of this study was to assess occupational burnout, insomnia, and psychological resilience and to explore their interrelations among Greek nurses 14 months after the official ending of the pandemic which was declared in May 2023. The study was conducted online in July 2024 and included 380 nurses currently working in Greek hospitals, who completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Overall, 56.1% of the nurses exhibited insomnia symptoms and 46.8% displayed signs of occupational burnout. Low resilience scores were observed in 26.3%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that CBI explained 34.4% of the variance in the AIS scores, while an additional 3% was explained by the BRS. Mediation analysis revealed that resilience operates protectively as a negative mediator in the relationship between burnout and insomnia. In conclusion, one year after the end of the pandemic the levels of occupational burnout and insomnia among nurses remain high, whereas psychological resilience seems to be retained at moderate levels. Consequently, there is an urgent need to regularly monitor for risk of burnout and insomnia and to implement resilience-building strategies for nurses to combat burnout and improve insomnia symptoms.

During the pandemic, nurses experienced anger that stemmed from a sense of threat, frustration, or even a sense of injustice. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vaccination hesitancy, anger, cynicism, and medical mistrust among nurses, as there are no relevant studies in the literature. This study was conducted online by completing self-report questionnaires. The Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5, the 8-item “Cynical Distrust” scale, and the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale were used. For vaccination hesitancy, two questions with a 5-point scale were used: one question examining hesitancy to get vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine, and another question examining hesitancy to get vaccinated with the influenza vaccine. In total, 387 nurses (66 men and 321 women) participated in this study. Nurses showed statistically greater hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine compared to hesitancy toward the influenza vaccine. The variation in vaccine hesitancy was explained by the scores in the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale, the Dimensions of Anger Reactions, and the Cynical Distrust Scale. The Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale mediated the relationship between the Cynical Distrust Scale and total vaccine hesitancy. The Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale significantly moderated the indirect effect of the Cynical Distrust Scale on total vaccine hesitancy through the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale. In conclusion, it is highly likely that anger is involved in reported vaccine hesitancy both by activating schemas of distrust in others and by adopting anti-systemic views of mistrust in the medical system.

Recent studies indicate that nurses experienced higher levels of occupational burnout and insomnia during the pandemic compared to other healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to assess occupational burnout, insomnia, and psychological resilience and to explore their interrelations among nurses in Greece in the post-pandemic era. The study was conducted online in July 2024 and included 380 nurses currently working in Greek hospitals, who completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Overall, 56.1% of the nurses exhibited insomnia symptoms and 46.8% displayed signs of occupational burnout. Low resilience scores were observed in 26.3%. Female nurses had a higher mean burnout score compared to their male counterparts. Multiple regression analysis indicated that CBI Total explained 34.4% of the variance in the AIS scores, with an additional 3% explained by BRS. Mediation analysis further revealed that resilience operates protectively as a negative mediator in the relationship between burnout and insomnia. In conclusion, the levels of occupational burnout and insomnia among nurses remain high one year after the end of the pandemic and consequently there is an urgent need to enhance the support for nurses to protect them from adverse physical and psychological effects.

During the pandemic, nurses experienced anger that stemmed from a sense of threat, frustration or even a sense of injustice. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vaccination hesitancy, anger, cynicism and medical mistrust among nurses, as there are no relevant studies in the literature. The study was conducted online by completing self-report questionnaires. The Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5, the 8-item "Cynical Distrust" scale and the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale were used. For vaccination hesitancy, two questions with a 5-point scale were used; one question examining hesitancy to get vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine, and another question examining hesitancy to get vaccinated with the influenza vaccine. 387 nurses (66 men and 321 women) participated in the study. Nurses showed statistically greater hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine compared to hesitancy for the influenza vaccine. The variation in Vaccine Hesitancy was explained by the scores in the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale, the Dimensions of Anger Reactions and the Cynical Distrust Scale. The Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale mediated the relationship between Cynical Distrust Scale and Total Vaccine Hesitancy. The Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale significantly moderated the indirect effect of Cynical Distrust Scale on Total Vaccine Hesitancy through the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale. In conclusion, it is highly likely that anger is involved in reported vaccine hesitancy both by activating schemas of distrust in others and by adopting antisystemic views of mistrust in the medical system.