Apart from being emission-free, electric vehicles enjoy benefits such as low maintenance and operating costs, noise-free, easy to drive, and the convenience of charging at home. All these benefits are directly dependent on the performance of the battery used in the vehicle. In this paper, one-dimensional modeling of Li-ion and NiMH batteries was developed, and their performances were studied. The performance characteristics of the batteries, such as the charging and discharging characteristics, the constituent losses of over-potential voltage, and the electrolyte concentration profile at various stages of charge and discharge cycles, were also studied. It is found that the electrolyte concentration profiles of Li-ion batteries show a drooping behavior at the start of the discharge cycle and a rising behavior at the end of discharge because of the concentration polarization due to the low diffusion coefficient. The electrolyte concentration profiles of NiMH batteries show rising behavior throughout the discharge cycle without any deviations. The reason behind this even behavior throughout the discharge cycle is attributed to the reduced concentration polarization due to electrolyte transport limitations. It is found that the losses associated with the NiMH battery are larger and almost constant throughout the battery’s operation. Whereas for the Li-ion batteries, the losses are less variable. The electrolyte concentration directly affects the overpotential losses incurred during the charging and discharging phases.