This study presents a bibliometric review aimed at mapping and analyzing the scientific literature related to the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in livestock farming, which is a rapidly emerging yet still underexplored field in international research. Based on the Scopus database, 151 documents published between 2015 and 2025 were identified and analyzed using the VOSviewer version 1.6.20 and Biblioshiny for Bibliometrix (RStudio version 2023.12.1) tools. The results show a significant increase in publications from 2021 onwards, reflecting the growing maturity of discussions around the integration of digital technologies in the agricultural sector. Keyword co-occurrence and bibliographic coupling analyses revealed the formation of four main thematic clusters, covering technical applications in precision livestock farming as well as reflections on governance, animal welfare, and algorithmic justice. The most influential authors, high-impact journals, and leading countries in the field were also identified. As a key contribution, this study highlights the lack of robust ethical guidelines and proposes future research directions for the development of regulatory frameworks, codes of conduct, and interdisciplinary approaches. The findings underscore the importance of aligning technological innovation with ethical responsibility and social inclusion in the transition to digital livestock farming.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity on the germination and initial growth of ‘jurema-de-embira’ (Mimosa ophthalmocentra) seedlings at different temperatures. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme of eight salt concentrations (0; 4.0; 8.0; 12.0; 16.0; 20.0; 24.0 and 28.0 dS m^-1) and four temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 20-30 °C) in four replicates of 25 seeds under an 8-h photoperiod in Biochemical Oxygen Demand germinators. The variables analyzed were: germination, germination speed index, shoot and root lengths, and shoot, root and total dry matter. Temperature variation influences the response of ‘jurema-de-embira’ seeds to salinity, and the salt stress is intensified by the increase in temperature. ‘Jurema-de-embira’ is tolerant to salt stress in the germination stage, showing satisfactory germination up to the salinity level 20 dS m^-1, at temperatures below 30 °C. The initial growth of ‘jurema-de-embira’ plants is satisfactory up to salinity of 12 dS m^-1, at temperatures below 30 °C.

Water availability and temperature are among the main abiotic factors that influence seed germination and vigor, since they act directly on biochemical and physiological processes, which result in the production of the primary root. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of stress on germination and vigor of H. impetiginosus (‘ipê-roxo’) seeds under different temperatures and osmotic agents. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme (osmotic potentials x temperatures) with four replicates of 25 seeds for each osmotic agent. In order to simulate water stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and mannitol solutions were used and distilled water was used as control. Osmotic potentials of 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa were evaluated at temperatures of 25 and 30 °C, under 8 h photoperiod. The variables analyzed were: germination, germination speed index, shoot length, root length, and total dry matter of seedlings. Simulated water stress affected seed germination and seed vigor of H. impetiginosus at both temperatures and osmotic agents from -0.6 MPa.

The accelerated aging test consists of evaluating the vigor of the seeds under conditions of high temperature and humidity, with the purpose of identifying the physiological quality of lots with similar germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the accelerated aging test for classifying seed lots of P. moniliformis at different levels of vigor. Initially, the seed lots were assessed by means of seedling emergence, life velocity index, shoot length and root length, total dry mass of seedlings and determination of water content, before and after each period of aging. The experimental design for the whole world was based on a 3 × 4 factorial scheme (three seed lots and four periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h duration), with separate evaluations at temperatures of 38 °C and 41 °C. The accelerated aging test conducted at a temperature of 41 °C for 24 h was a more suitable combination for separating batches of P. moniliformis according to different levels of vigour, and made it possible to obtain results similar to the classification of lots in relation to the initial quality.