Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common bacterial species implicated in various types of infections including septicemia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, meningitis and others pathologies. These involve several bacterial clones with multidrug resistance making them difficult to treat. The aims of this study was to perform molecular typing of E. coli strains using universal primer (GTG)₅. In this study, 53 E. coli strains were collected from inpatients and outpatients. The test of antimicrobial sensibility was realized using CA-SFM /EUCAST method and strains were identified by conventional microbiological tests. The carbapenemase-producing strains were demonstrated by phenotypic method. Bacterial DNA was extracted by boiling method. (GTG)₅-PCR was used for strain subtyping. The DendroUPGMA software was used for grouping of strains from the genetic fingerprints obtained by (GTG)₅-PCR. Results: Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Its strains showed resistance to at least three different families of antibiotics. Of this MDR strains, only one was a metallo-β-lactamase producer. The dendrogram obtained using genetic fingerprinting allowed the E. coli strains to be grouped into 22 clusters (G1 to G22). Conclusion: The (GTG) 5-PCR assay enabled rapid molecular typing of E. coli strains. The strains of E. coli typed in this study would belong to different clones.

Background and Aim: Fermented milk is food produced and consumed all over the world and plays an important role in human nutrition. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality and mineral composition of fermented milk consumed in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 samples of fermented milk from camels, goats, and cows were purchased in the market in five localities in Burkina Faso; Bobo Dioulasso, Djibo, Dori, Gorom-Gorom, and Sebba. Microbiological and physical parameters were monitored using standards methods. Results: Microbiological analysis of fermented milks showed high average values of 7.60±1.50×109 colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml), 5.72±3.60×107 CFU/ml, 5.53±2.00×105 CFU/ml, 1.97±0.18×103 CFU/ml, 1.98±0.25×103 CFU/ ml, and 0.10±0.09×103 CFU/ml for total microbial flora, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and thermotolerant coliforms, respectively. None of the samples were contaminated by Salmonella or Shigella. The average values of pH, acidity, dry matter, ash, fats, proteins, and total carbohydrates content of samples were ranged, respectively: 3.830-4.137, 1.888-2.822%, 8.271-13.004%, 0.199-0.476%, 1.210-3.863%, 2.125-3.764%, and 3.080- 5.428 % (w/w). Na/K and Ca/Mg ratio ranged from 0.104 to 0.909 and from 3.392 to 16.996, respectively. Total microbial flora, yeasts and molds, total coliforms, fats, calcium, potassium, iron, and zinc were significantly different. Conclusion: This research contributed in the evaluation of the hygienic and nutritional qualities of local fermented milk. Results obtained in this study confirm the need to set up the training program on the sanitary condition to traditional maker's to ensure the good fermented milk with high organoleptic and nutritional qualities.

Background: The discharge of improperly treated hospital landfill presents an enormous public health risk. In Burkina Faso, the management of hospital’s wastewaters and the current antibiotic susceptibility of clinically relevant isolates need to be determined, because the multi-drug resistant isolates have been previously described in hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of isolates circulating in Ouagadougou. Methods: The biochemical characterization of the isolates was carried out by tests from the API 20E test and completed with molecular characterization by simple PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the recommendations of CA-SFM 2019. Results: The hospital wastewaters do not undergo any treatment before been discharged into the environment. A total of 171 presumed isolates of Salmonella spp < /em>, Pseudomonas spp < /em>., and Escherichia coli were identified in this study. These isolates derived from environment (n=19) and clinical (n=152). These isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (95.32%), Cefoxitin (72.51%), Ceftazidime (78.94%), Cefepime (80.71%), Tobramycin (59.64%), Gentamicin (42.10%), Nalidixic acid (68.42%), Norfloxacin (59.06%), Ciprofloxacin (56.14%), imipenem (0.00%), Chloramphenicol (26.31%), and Colistin (77.77%). Somewhere else, 46 presumptive Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Vancomycin (30.43%), Oxacillin (13.04%), Penicillin G (89.13%), Ceftriaxone (15.21%), Cefoxitin (2.73%), Tobramycin (36.95%), Kanamycin (30.43%), Ciprofloxacin (15.21%), Norfloxacin (43.47%), Tetracycline (56.52%), Chloramphenicol (13.04%), and Fosfomycin (2.73%). Conclusion: the hospital wastewaters harbour a variety of pathogens, most of which are resistant to several families of antibiotics.

Background: Epidemic of carbapenemase-producing bacteria has become worldwide. Thus, during the last decade, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and non fermentative Gram-negative bacteria in human patients have increased. Carbapenemase-producing bacteria are usually multidrug resistant. Therefore, early recognition of carbapenemase producers is critical to prevent their spread. Objectives: The aim of this study was to contribute establishing the prevalence of isolates producing Metallo-β-Lactamase isolated from patients admitted to Schiphra Hospital of Ouagadougou. Material and methods: Susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents was evaluated by disc diffusion method using imipenem as screening antibiotic. The combination of imipenem-EDTA was used after detection the resistance to imipenem. Results: A total of 52 isolates resisting one of the third generation cephalosporins were collected. Five isolates showed an intermediary resistance to imipenem (9.61%). Two isolates were resistant to imipenem-EDTA (3.85%). The test of imipenem-EDTA was done to confirm to production of Metallo-β-Lactamase. The hydrolysis of bacterial extract by meropenem was confirmed by production with a kinetic activity at spectrophotometer V0=4.77x10–5µM/min for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and V0=1.183x10-4 µM/min for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Conclusion: This study showed that bacterial resistances by production to metallo-β-lactamases are a reality in Burkina Faso.

Livestock is the third largest currency provider in Burkina Faso after gold and cotton. The objective of this study was to assess the socio-economic characteristics of actors, level of production and sanitary risks along the food chain of local fermented milk. A literature search and an investigation were conducted. Sphinx Plus²-V5 software was used for data processing and analysis. Results obtained show that milk processing is essentially a female activity and Fulani is the most active tribe in the milk sector. The curdling is done mainly using a curdled whey. Nutritional characteristics of fermented milk depend on the milk used, the milking conditions, the technology used, and a good curd must have a pleasant smell with a sweet and sour taste. The precariousness of milking, the lack of training in hygiene, the ignorance of the rules of hygiene, the state of environment of processing/sale, the strong use of antibiotics, the negligence of campaigns of vaccinations, and the non-compliance with the waiting period generate significant sanitary risks for consumers and animals. Livestock is the mainstay of the white revolution in Burkina Faso and contributes to food and socio-economic security.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium present in several ecological niches causing opportunistic infections in humans. In developing countries like Chad, this bacteria is responsible for various human pathologies. High-priority pathogens, such as Salmonella and Shigella, represent a particularly heavy burden in low- and middle-income countries, as do Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which pose serious problems in health centers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the multi-antibiotic resistance index and to carry out a molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in pathological products from Chad using by rep-PCR (GTG)5. Antibiotic resistance phenotypes were obtained by interpreting the results of our previous study on antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from human infections in N'Djamena, Chad. In this study, two phenotypes were obtained that is XDR and MDR. Thus, 24/36 of strains came from urine and 29/36 strains were MDR. The multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes varied from 0.33 to 0.86. The rep-PCR allowed good discrimination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in this study. These isolates were grouped based on characteristic bands appearing in their genetic fingerprint profiles. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from urinary tract infections and pus were classified as XDR and MDR type strains.