Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide problem. In Chad, statistical data are scarce. The reason why this study was undertaken from June 2014 to December 2016, to identify the main Enterobacteriaceae responsible for urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Germs were isolated and identified by standard microbiology methods and tested with antibiotics according to Kirby-Bauer technique. Data collected was analyzed using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version18.0. Out of the 503 urine samples analyzed, 93 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated (18.5%) of which 60 (64.5%) were Escherichia coli, 23 (24.73%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10 (10.75%) were other Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial resistances to the following were observed: amoxicilline (96.66% - 100%), cefoxitine (13.33% - 30.4%), cefotaxime (33.3% - 56.52%), gentamycine (28.33% - 39.13%), and nalidixic acid (31.66% - 43.47%), trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole (65% - 95.65%) and fosfomycine (8.33% - 13.04%). The present study identified two bacteria associated with urinary tract infections and their resistances to antibiotics commonly used in Chad. It is important to rationalize the use of antibiotics that have good antibacterial activity. Diversified studies in human and veterinary medicine are needed to better control the emergence of new resistance in N’Djamena. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, urinary tract infection, resistance to antibiotics, N’Djamena

This is a prospective study conducted as part of a voluntary testing for HBV, HCV and HIV. The aim of the study is to determine the seroprevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HCV antibodies among HIV infected people and a control group of HIV negative people. HIV prevalence among newly diagnosed volunteers is 9.1%. The overall seroprevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HCV antibodies is respectively 13.5% and 2.0%. The seroprevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HCVantibodies in the control group (HIV-negative) is respectively 12.2% and 2%. The seroprevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HCV antibodies among HIV infected people (old and new) is respectively 16.1% and 1%.This study, the first one conducted in Chad, has allowed us to know the seroprevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HCV antibodies among HIV infected people.

Only a minority of the patients with acute febrile jaundice evaluated through the Yellow Fever surveillance program were found positive for antibodies against Yellow Fever Virus (YFV). In order to characterize patients with acute febrile jaundice negative for YFV, we collected 255 sera between January to December 2019. We screened for HBV antigens, and antibodies against HCV and HEV. The seroprevalences observed were 10.6% (27/255) for HBV, 2% (5/255) for HCV, 17.3% (44/255) for HEV IgG, 4.3% (11/255) for HEV IgM, and 12.5% (32/255) for both IgG and IgM HEV. Prevalence of HEV was significantly higher in females than males (p < 0.01). HEV IgG prevalence was highest in those 20–29 years old, but the highest incidence rate (IgM positive) was in children 0–9 years old. Exposure to HEV was higher in the Sahelian zone (55.8%, 95% CI: 40.97–70.66) than in the Sudanese zone (30.2%, 95% CI: 24.01–36.37, p = 0.003). The high prevalence rates and hepatitis virus diversity underline the challenge of routine clinical diagnosis in Chad’s Yellow Fever surveillance program.

Prévalence et transmission du Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine de la mère à l’enfant à N’Djamena