Atraphaxis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, with approximately 60 species. Species of Atraphaxis are much-branched woody plants, forming shrubs or shrubby tufts, primarily inhabiting arid zones across the temperate steppe and desert regions of Central Asia, America, and Australia. Atraphaxis species have been used by diverse groups of people all over the world for the treatment of various diseases. However, their biologically active compounds with therapeutic properties have not been investigated well. Studying the biologically active components of Atraphaxis laetevirens, Atraphaxis frutescens, Atraphaxis spinosa L., and Atraphaxis pyrifolia is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it can unveil the therapeutic potential of these plants, aiding in the development of novel medicines or natural remedies for various health conditions. Understanding their bioactive compounds enables scientists to explore their pharmacological properties, potentially leading to the discovery of new drugs or treatments. Additionally, investigating these components contributes to preserving traditional knowledge and validating the historical uses of these plants in ethnomedicine, thus supporting their conservation and sustainable utilization. These herbs have been used as an anti-inflammatory and hypertension remedies since the dawn of time. Moreover, they have been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and problems related to skin in traditional Kazakh medicine. Hence, the genus Atraphaxis can be considered as a potential medicinal plant source that is very rich in biologically active compounds that may exhibit great pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiulcer, hypoglycemic, wound healing, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and so on. This study aims to provide a collection of publications on the species of Atraphaxis, along with a critical review of the literature data. This review will constitute support for further investigations on the pharmacological activity of these medicinal plant species.

Exploring phytochemicals from ethnomedicinal plants for pharmacological applications is a promising research area. By studying ethnomedicine, researchers can identify plants used for centuries to treat ailments and investigate their phytochemicals. Consequently, phytochemicals can be isolated, characterized, and tested for pharmacological activities, leading to new drug development. This research also helps preserve traditional knowledge and biodiversity. Lithospermum officinale L., found in Eurasia, Argentina (South), Colombia, and the United States, is valued for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. The current review emphasizes L. officinale L. as a significant reservoir of bioactive phytochemicals, with alkaloids, quinones, glucosides, phenolics, flavonoids, and lipids identified as the principal metabolites. It also unveils the unexplored potential of this plant for future research endeavors. Continued research on L. officinale L. can unlock its full potential, providing insights into its medicinal uses and contributing to biodiversity preservation.

The aim of this study is to determine the level of need for pharmacists to ensure optimal functioning of pharmacy organizations, as well as to analyze the current state of workforce planning and its impact on the effectiveness of pharmaceutical structures. Materials and methods. A survey of 121 employees of the pharmacy organization in Almaty city (Kazakhstan) using Likert scale was conducted. Pearson's χ² criterion was used to analyze the data. The methodology was based on adaptation of Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), “WISN” method, “360° degree” assessment and Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Protocol No. IRB-A871). Results. The analysis revealed that staff turnover, workforce replenishment and seasonal shortage of staff are the key problems of retail pharmacy organizations. Significant factors affecting the stability of the workforce composition were identified, and their association with the workplace environment was statistically confirmed. Conclusions. The article examines the factors contributing to staff turnover in retail pharmacy organizations. A structured employee survey was conducted, identifying the primary reasons for resignation, including low wages (18.43%), limited opportunities for career advancement (19.22%), and unfavourable working conditions (31.37%). The findings also indicate that the work environment and management practices significantly influence employee satisfaction. Dynamics highlighted the impact of turnover, workplace conditions, and career prospects on organisational stability. Statistical analysis (χ²=13.96; p=0.00019) confirmed a significant association between the work atmosphere and human resource policies.policies. Optimizing HR strategies is essential to enhanceemployee satisfaction and reduce turnover

The study is devoted to assessing the influence of various concentrations of hydrocarbon rocket fuels in the soil, expressed in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the main representatives of the soil biocenosis and enzyme activity. For this purpose, microbiological studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of soil microflora were carried out in 11 soil samples treated with rocket hydrocarbon fuel grades T-1 and RG-1, with codes K1, T-1-1, T-1-2, T-1 -3, T-1-4, T-1-5, RG-1-1, RG-1-2, RG-1-3, RG-1-4, RG-1-5. As a result of scientific research, in most experimental groups there was a decrease in the number of the main soil representatives of microorganisms, which may be a consequence of exposure to hydrocarbons. Исследование посвящено оценке влиянию различных концентраций углеводородных ракетных топлив в почве, выраженное в количественном и качественном составе основных представителей почвенного биоценоза и активности ферментов. Для этого проведены микробиологические исследования качественного и количественного состава почвенной микрофлоры в 11-ти образцах почвы, обработанных ракетным углеводородным топливом марки Т-1 и РГ-1, с шифрами К1, Т-1-1, Т-1-2, Т-1-3, Т-1-4, Т-1-5, РГ-1-1, РГ-1-2, РГ-1-3, РГ-1-4, РГ-1-5. В результате проведенных научных исследований, в большинстве экспериментальных групп наблюдалось снижение численности основных почвенных представителей микроорганизмов, что может являться следствием воздействия углеводородов. Зерттеу топырақ биоценозының негізгі өкілдерінің сандық және сапалық құрамымен және ферменттердің белсенділігімен көрсетілген топырақтағы көмірсутекті зымыран отындарының әртүрлі концентрациясының әсерін бағалауға арналған. Ол үшін К1, Т-1-1, Т-1-2, Т-1-3, Т-1-4, Т-1-5, РГ-1-1, РГ-1-2, РГ-1-3, РГ-1-4, РГ-1-5 шифрларымен Т-1 және РГ-1 маркалы зымырандық көмірсутекті отынмен өңделген топырақтың 11 үлгісінде топырақ микрофлорасының сапалық және сандық құрамына микробиологиялық зерттеулер жүргізілді. Жүргізілген ғылыми зерттеулердің нәтижесінде эксперименттік топтардың көпшілігінде микроорганизмдердің негізгі топырақ өкілдерінің санының төмендеуі байқалды, бұл көмірсутектердің әсерінен болуы мүмкін.