Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a non-reversible decline in kidney function that ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapy (such as transplantation or dialysis). Fungi, along with bacterial and viral pathogens, playing an important role in rising the mortality and morbidity associated with opportunistic infections in kidney transplant recipients. This study was designed to identify Fusarium SSP. and estimation immunological effect on kidney failure patients. Methods: This study included 100 patients with kidney failure and 30 healthy individuals (control group). Isolates were identified macro-biologically by petri dishes diffusion method. For more confirmed, the isolates microbiologically tested by glass slide technique. Immune biomarkers were estimated using ready-made. Results: The results revealed three Fusarium species: F. foetens, F. robustum, and F. luffae, which were identified microscopically and cultured in the Laboratory to confirm their species. Their effects on immune variables (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and Dectin-1) were also studied. The data showed that F. robustum have had the highest significant values across all variables, with means of 0.831, 0.805, 0.692, and 0.873 picograms/mL for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and Dectin-1, respectively. Overall, the results revealed no significant effect of chronic diseases on the immune variables in kidney failure patients. The results indicated a significant effect of sex on IL-10 and IL-1β levels only, with females exhibiting higher means of 0.653, 0.673, and 0.586 picograms/mL for IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1β, respectively, while males had the highest mean in Dectin-1, reaching 0.752 picograms/mL. Conclusion: F. foetens, F. robustum, and F. luffae, are the most common species that involved with chronic kidney disease, which playing important role in elevating immune biomarkers among women than men.

Obesity is a major global health issue, affecting nearly 30% of the population worldwide. Despite the prevalence of obesity, there is currently no data available on the anti-obesity and metabolic effects of Papaver somniferum. The objective of the study was to confirm the anti-obesity and metabolic effects of Papaver somniferum (poppy) seeds in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats, assessing their impact on weight reduction, lipid profile, and organ toxicity. The experiment was conducted in two phases: a 4 week poppy seed intervention and a 6 week obesity induction trial. Rats were separated into groups and given both washed or unwashed poppy seeds, HFD, and a prescription medication for weight loss. The findings demonstrated that washing poppy seeds significantly decreased weight gain and enhanced lipid profiles, particularly reducing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Additionally, treated groups showed a decrease in glucose levels. However, higher doses of unwashed poppy seeds caused modest liver stress, indicated by raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and renal histopathology showed mild inflammation, but hematological parameters were constant. These results suggest that washed poppy seeds may have the potential to reduce obesity and enhance metabolic health without adverse harm, indicating the need for further research to explore their therapeutic potential.

Talaromyces marneffei is a pathogenic fungus that causes fatal health complications for patients who are infected with HIV. For the current investigation, sputum samples were collected from 19 immunosuppressed patients from two hospitals located in Baghdad, Iraq by which they were inoculated onto both Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium at 25 °C and BHI (brain heart infusion) agar at 36±1 °C for growth before being identified using single and nested PCR methods. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of T. marneffei was used to create two sets of oligonucleotide primers, RRF1 and RRH1 which are considered fungus-specific outer primers were employed. Both nested and solo PCRs using the T. marneffei-specific inner primers (Pm1 and Pm2) were carried out. To define the phylogenetic relatedness of this isolate, the MEGA X program was used to align the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of T. marneffei. Results showed that the wine-colored pigmented isolates in agar were dimorphic, exhibited bloom-like twigs and spore chains characteristic under the microscope, and were filamentous type colonies with light yellow villi. Finally, immuno-compromised patients in Iraq have T. marneffei in their blood cultures that will be induced to pathogenicity, and the PCR assay is valuable for T. marneffe identifying. Other results from nested PCR revealed that 8 human isolates, from 19, have specific fragments of about 400 bp on the agarose gel.

Obesity is a major global health issue, affecting nearly 30% of the population worldwide. Despite the prevalence of obesity, there is currently no data available on the anti-obesity and metabolic effects of Papaver somniferum. The objective of the study was to confirm the anti-obesity and metabolic effects of Papaver somniferum (poppy) seeds in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats, assessing their impact on weight reduction, lipid profile, and organ toxicity. The experiment was conducted in two phases: a 4 week poppy seed intervention and a 6 week obesity induction trial. Rats were separated into groups and given both washed or unwashed poppy seeds, HFD, and a prescription medication for weight loss. The findings demonstrated that washing poppy seeds significantly decreased weight gain and enhanced lipid profiles, particularly reducing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Additionally, treated groups showed a decrease in glucose levels. However, higher doses of unwashed poppy seeds caused modest liver stress, indicated by raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and renal histopathology showed mild inflammation, but hematological parameters were constant. These results suggest that washed poppy seeds may have the potential to reduce obesity and enhance metabolic health without adverse harm, indicating the need for further research to explore their therapeutic potential.