To assess the freeze–thaw (F-T) durability of coal gangue pervious concrete (CGPC) in different F-T cycle media (water, 3.5 wt% NaCl solution), experimental studies on 36 groups of cube specimens and 6 groups of prismatic specimens were carried out, with designed porosity, F-T cycling media, and F-T failure times as variables. The changes in apparent morphology, mass, compressive behavior, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and permeability coefficient have been analyzed in detail. To predict the compressive strength after F-T cycles, a GM (1,1) model based on the grey system theory was developed and further improved into a more accurate grey residual–Markov model. The results reported that the cement slurry and coal gangue aggregates (CGAs) on the specimen surface continued to fall off as F-T cycles increased, and, finally, the weak point was fractured. Meanwhile, the decrease in compressive behavior and relative dynamic elastic modulus was gentle in the early phase of F-T cycles, and they gradually became faster in the later stage, showing a parabolic downward trend. The permeability coefficient increased gradually. When F-T failure occurred, specimen mass dropped precipitously. The F-T failure of CGPC was more likely to occur in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, and the F-T failure times of samples were 25 times earlier than that of water. This study lays the foundation for an engineering application and provides a basis for the large-scale utilization of CGPC.

To enhance the continuity of character in the preservation of architectural heritage, this approach focuses on the horizontal self-similarity characteristics of architectural texture. A method using K-means and the Bhattacharyya approach for color selection in architectural repairs is proposed. It quantifies the visual coherence between the repaired structure and the original structure. Analyzing 12 images (A–L), with the original façade (image 0) as a reference, demonstrates that repairs using color-matched materials significantly improve visual coherence. Image A, created using the Visual Enhancement Through Adaptive Repair (VETAR) method, achieves the highest visual alignment with the original image. VETAR, grounded in Gestalt psychology, moves away from traditional materials to concentrate on visual consistency. Its successful implementation in the restoration of Mengzhong Fort illustrates a complex approach to material use in heritage conservation. After comparison, this method is deemed superior to traditional techniques, integrating modern interventions with historical aesthetics. The study suggests that VETAR may offer a referential method for architectural conservation, potentially facilitating a balanced integration of historical and contemporary elements in architectural renovation.

This study aims to resolve the “secondary activation” challenge when erecting structures over goaf zones by employing a novel grouting and filling material. It delves into the performance degradation of the innovative ECS soil grouting filling material (ESGF material) within the goaf’s ionic erosion context. Erosion tests were performed on ESGF material specimens with varying mix designs to mimic the sulfate and chloride erosion scenarios commonly encountered in practical engineering. The macro-mechanical properties and microstructural changes of ESGF materials under ionic erosion environment were systematically investigated by various testing methods, such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), SEM, XRD, TG, FTIR, and Raman. The findings indicate that both sulfate and chloride erosion lead to a reduction in the strength of the ESGF material. As erosion progresses, the specimens experience a mass increase followed by a decrease, with their strength exhibiting a consistent downward trend. In sulfate erosion conditions, the buildup of expansion product like ettringite (AFt) and thaumasite (TSA) inflicts substantial internal structural damage. Conversely, Friedel’s salt, the primary product of chloride erosion, exhibits relatively weaker expansiveness, and chloride concentration exerts a less pronounced effect on material degradation. Moreover, the cementitious material content and the proportion of quick-setting component play a significant role in determining the ESGF material’s resistance to erosion. By adjusting the quick-setting components ratio in response to changes in the water content of soft soil, the anti-ion erosion performance of solidified soil can be effectively enhanced. Notably, curing with a 5% sulfate maintenance could significantly improve the erosion resistance of ESGF material. This suggests that ESGF materials can be used without concern for curing issues in high-salinity environments during grouting. The research addresses the root cause of goaf subsidence while facilitating the recycling of solid waste, offering an environmentally friendly solution.