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Prof. Gabriele Freni
University of Enna Kore, Cittadella Universitaria

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 advanced water treatment
0 Integrated urban water systems
0 Wastewater treatment plant management and optimization
0 Oily and salty water treatment
0 Energy management in integrated water systems

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Integrated urban water systems
Wastewater treatment plant management and optimization
Energy management in integrated water systems

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Review
Published: 18 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Due to urbanization, large portions of vegetated territory have been replaced by waterproof surfaces. The consequences are greater outflows, lower infiltration, and lower evapotranspiration. Pavement systems made with permeable surfaces allow the infiltration of water, ensuring reduction of runoff volume. In this paper, the methods of analysis of the hydrological and environmental performance of the pavement systems are reviewed in the context of urban drainage and regarding their durability. The purpose is to present an overview of the studies published during the last decade in the field. The Pubmed and Web Science Core Collection electronic databases were used to conduct the scientific literature survey. This generated 1238 papers, of which only 17 met the criteria and were included and discussed in this review. The evidence drawn from the knowledge on which the document is based provides useful critical interpretations of existing studies to progress the current understanding on hydrological performance and environment impacts in terms of conventional pollutant removal efficiency and the current permeable pavement systems.

ACS Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Alessandro Severino; Gabriele Freni; Larysa Neduzha. A Systematic Review of the Hydrological, Environmental and Durability Performance of Permeable Pavement Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4509 .

AMA Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito, Alessandro Severino, Gabriele Freni, Larysa Neduzha. A Systematic Review of the Hydrological, Environmental and Durability Performance of Permeable Pavement Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4509.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Alessandro Severino; Gabriele Freni; Larysa Neduzha. 2021. "A Systematic Review of the Hydrological, Environmental and Durability Performance of Permeable Pavement Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4509.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Water
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In the urban drainage sector, the problem of polluting discharges in sewers may act on the proper functioning of the sewer system, on the wastewater treatment plant reliability and on the receiving water body preservation. Therefore, the implementation of a chemical monitoring network is necessary to promptly detect and contain the event of contamination. Sensor location is usually an optimization exercise that is based on probabilistic or black-box methods and their efficiency is usually dependent on the initial assumption made on possible eligibility of nodes to become a monitoring point. It is a common practice to establish an initial non-informative assumption by considering all network nodes to have equal possibilities to allocate a sensor. In the present study, such a common approach is compared with different initial strategies to pre-screen eligible nodes as a function of topological and hydraulic information, and non-formal ‘grey’ information on the most probable locations of the contamination source. Such strategies were previously compared for conservative xenobiotic contaminations and now they are compared for a more difficult identification exercise: the detection of nonconservative immanent contaminants. The strategies are applied to a Bayesian optimization approach that demonstrated to be efficient in contamination source location. The case study is the literature network of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) manual, Example 8. The results show that the pre-screening and ‘grey’ information are able to reduce the computational effort needed to obtain the optimal solution or, with equal computational effort, to improve location efficiency. The nature of the contamination is highly relevant, affecting monitoring efficiency, sensor location and computational efforts to reach optimality.

ACS Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Gabriele Freni. Strategies for Improving Optimal Positioning of Quality Sensors in Urban Drainage Systems for Non-Conservative Contaminants. Water 2021, 13, 934 .

AMA Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito, Gabriele Freni. Strategies for Improving Optimal Positioning of Quality Sensors in Urban Drainage Systems for Non-Conservative Contaminants. Water. 2021; 13 (7):934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Gabriele Freni. 2021. "Strategies for Improving Optimal Positioning of Quality Sensors in Urban Drainage Systems for Non-Conservative Contaminants." Water 13, no. 7: 934.

Article
Published: 20 July 2020 in Water Resources Management
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For a large part of human history, urbanization was focused on two main objectives: defence and resource harvesting. The first objective was always achieved in a broad sense, i.e., defending the population from other humans and from natural events. Focusing on human activities, this defensive approach was also applied to urban drainage, which resulted in a systematic underestimation of the impacts of urbanization on natural systems. Environmental sustainability was introduced in an attempt to mitigate these impacts, as they had the potential to endanger future developments; thus, the possibility that urban floods may be the lesser evil was accepted. Resilience was then introduced to improve not only defence of urban areas but also their ability to recover from negative events, even though physical resilience is not always accompanied by social resilience. This paper attempts to address the philosophy of urban drainage design, introducing the new concept of floodability as an evolution of flood resilience by identifying its requirements and drivers and by using real examples to present the new concept.

ACS Style

Goffredo La Loggia; Valeria Puleo; Gabriele Freni. Floodability: A New Paradigm for Designing Urban Drainage and Achieving Sustainable Urban Growth. Water Resources Management 2020, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Goffredo La Loggia, Valeria Puleo, Gabriele Freni. Floodability: A New Paradigm for Designing Urban Drainage and Achieving Sustainable Urban Growth. Water Resources Management. 2020; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Goffredo La Loggia; Valeria Puleo; Gabriele Freni. 2020. "Floodability: A New Paradigm for Designing Urban Drainage and Achieving Sustainable Urban Growth." Water Resources Management , no. : 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Geosciences
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The normalized difference water index (NDWI) has been extensively used for different purposes, such as delineating and mapping surface water bodies and monitoring floods. However, the assessment of this index (based on multispectral remote sensing data) is highly affected by the effects of atmospheric aerosol scattering and built-up land, especially when green and near infrared bands are used. In this study, a modified version of the NDWI was developed to improve precision and reliability in the detection of water reservoirs from satellite images. The proposed equation includes eight different parameters. A Bayesian procedure was implemented for the identification of the optimal set of these parameters. The calculation of the index was based on Sentinel-2 satellite images of spectral bands collected over the 2015–2019 period. The modified NDWI was tested for the identification of small reservoirs in a subbasin of the Belice catchment in Sicily (southern Italy). To assess the effectiveness of the index, a reference image, representing the actual reservoirs in the study area, was used. The results suggested that the use of the proposed methodology for the parameterization of the modified NDWI improves the identification of water reservoirs with surfaces smaller than 0.1 ha.

ACS Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Valeria Puleo; Salvatore Nizza; Gabriele Freni. Parameterization of a Bayesian Normalized Difference Water Index for Surface Water Detection. Geosciences 2020, 10, 260 .

AMA Style

Lorena Liuzzo, Valeria Puleo, Salvatore Nizza, Gabriele Freni. Parameterization of a Bayesian Normalized Difference Water Index for Surface Water Detection. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (7):260.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Valeria Puleo; Salvatore Nizza; Gabriele Freni. 2020. "Parameterization of a Bayesian Normalized Difference Water Index for Surface Water Detection." Geosciences 10, no. 7: 260.

Short communication
Published: 07 July 2020 in Journal of Hydrology
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Collected rainfall records by gauges lead to key forcings in most hydrological studies. Depending on sensor type and recording systems, such data are characterized by different time-resolutions (or temporal aggregations), ta. We present an historical analysis of the time-evolution of ta based on a large database of rain gauge networks operative in many study areas. Globally, ta data were collected for 25,423 rain gauge stations across 32 geographic areas, with larger contributions from Australia, USA, Italy and Spain. For very old networks early recordings were manual with coarse time-resolution, typically daily or sometimes monthly. With a few exceptions, mechanical recordings on paper rolls began in the first half of the 20th century, typically with ta of 1 h or 30 min. Digital registrations started only during the last three decades of the 20th century. This short period limits investigations that require long time-series of sub-daily rainfall data, e.g, analyses of the effects of climate change on short-duration (sub-hourly) heavy rainfall. In addition, in the areas with rainfall data characterized for many years by coarse time-resolutions, annual maximum rainfall depths of short duration can be potentially underestimated and their use would produce errors in the results of successive applications. Currently, only 50% of the stations provide useful data at any time-resolution, that practically means ta=1 minute. However, a significant reduction of these issues can be obtained through the information content of the present database. Finally, we suggest an integration of the database by including additional rain gauge networks to enhance its usefulness particularly in a comparative analysis of the effects of climate change on extreme rainfalls of short duration available in different locations.

ACS Style

Renato Morbidelli; Amanda Penelope García-Marín; Abdullah Al Mamun; Rahman Mohammad Atiqur; José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz; Mohamed Bachir Taouti; Piotr Baranowski; Gianni Bellocchi; Claudia Sangüesa-Pool; Brett Bennett; Byambaa Oyunmunkh; Brunella Bonaccorso; Luca Brocca; Tommaso Caloiero; Enrica Caporali; Domenico Caracciolo; M. Carmen Casas-Castillo; Carlos G.Catalini; Mohamed Chettih; A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury; Rezaul Chowdhury; Corrado Corradini; Jeffrey Custò; Jacopo Dari; Nazzareno Diodato; Nolan Doesken; Alexandru Dumitrescu; Javier Estévez; Alessia Flammini; Hayley J. Fowler; Gabriele Freni; Francesco Fusto; Leoncio García-Barrón; Ancuta Manea; Sven Goenster-Jordan; Stuart Hinson; Ewa Kanecka-Geszke; Kanak Kanti Kar; Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz; Miina Krabbi; Jaromir Krzyszczak; Alba Llabrés-Brustenga; José L.J. Ledesma; Tie Liu; Marco Lompi; Loredana Marsico; Giuseppe Mascaro; Tommaso Moramarco; Noah Newman; Alina Orzan; Matteo Pampaloni; Roberto Pizarro-Tapia; Antonio Puentes Torres; Mamunur Rashid; Raúl Rodríguez Solà; Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor; Krzysztof Siwek; Arturo Sousa; P.V. Timbadiya; Tymvios Filippos; Marina Georgiana Vilcea; Francesca Viterbo; Chulsang Yoo; Marcelo Zeri; Georgios Zittis; Carla Saltalippi. The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 590, 125258 .

AMA Style

Renato Morbidelli, Amanda Penelope García-Marín, Abdullah Al Mamun, Rahman Mohammad Atiqur, José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz, Mohamed Bachir Taouti, Piotr Baranowski, Gianni Bellocchi, Claudia Sangüesa-Pool, Brett Bennett, Byambaa Oyunmunkh, Brunella Bonaccorso, Luca Brocca, Tommaso Caloiero, Enrica Caporali, Domenico Caracciolo, M. Carmen Casas-Castillo, Carlos G.Catalini, Mohamed Chettih, A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury, Rezaul Chowdhury, Corrado Corradini, Jeffrey Custò, Jacopo Dari, Nazzareno Diodato, Nolan Doesken, Alexandru Dumitrescu, Javier Estévez, Alessia Flammini, Hayley J. Fowler, Gabriele Freni, Francesco Fusto, Leoncio García-Barrón, Ancuta Manea, Sven Goenster-Jordan, Stuart Hinson, Ewa Kanecka-Geszke, Kanak Kanti Kar, Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz, Miina Krabbi, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Alba Llabrés-Brustenga, José L.J. Ledesma, Tie Liu, Marco Lompi, Loredana Marsico, Giuseppe Mascaro, Tommaso Moramarco, Noah Newman, Alina Orzan, Matteo Pampaloni, Roberto Pizarro-Tapia, Antonio Puentes Torres, Mamunur Rashid, Raúl Rodríguez Solà, Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor, Krzysztof Siwek, Arturo Sousa, P.V. Timbadiya, Tymvios Filippos, Marina Georgiana Vilcea, Francesca Viterbo, Chulsang Yoo, Marcelo Zeri, Georgios Zittis, Carla Saltalippi. The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 590 ():125258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renato Morbidelli; Amanda Penelope García-Marín; Abdullah Al Mamun; Rahman Mohammad Atiqur; José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz; Mohamed Bachir Taouti; Piotr Baranowski; Gianni Bellocchi; Claudia Sangüesa-Pool; Brett Bennett; Byambaa Oyunmunkh; Brunella Bonaccorso; Luca Brocca; Tommaso Caloiero; Enrica Caporali; Domenico Caracciolo; M. Carmen Casas-Castillo; Carlos G.Catalini; Mohamed Chettih; A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury; Rezaul Chowdhury; Corrado Corradini; Jeffrey Custò; Jacopo Dari; Nazzareno Diodato; Nolan Doesken; Alexandru Dumitrescu; Javier Estévez; Alessia Flammini; Hayley J. Fowler; Gabriele Freni; Francesco Fusto; Leoncio García-Barrón; Ancuta Manea; Sven Goenster-Jordan; Stuart Hinson; Ewa Kanecka-Geszke; Kanak Kanti Kar; Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz; Miina Krabbi; Jaromir Krzyszczak; Alba Llabrés-Brustenga; José L.J. Ledesma; Tie Liu; Marco Lompi; Loredana Marsico; Giuseppe Mascaro; Tommaso Moramarco; Noah Newman; Alina Orzan; Matteo Pampaloni; Roberto Pizarro-Tapia; Antonio Puentes Torres; Mamunur Rashid; Raúl Rodríguez Solà; Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor; Krzysztof Siwek; Arturo Sousa; P.V. Timbadiya; Tymvios Filippos; Marina Georgiana Vilcea; Francesca Viterbo; Chulsang Yoo; Marcelo Zeri; Georgios Zittis; Carla Saltalippi. 2020. "The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas." Journal of Hydrology 590, no. : 125258.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2019 in Water
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Recent studies have pointed out that climate change is likely to have important implications on the extent and frequency of flooding events. Indeed, the intensification of the water cycle occurring in different areas of the world can dramatically affect the incidence of extreme events and, consequently, the flow in rivers or artificial channels, increasing the probability of disastrous floods. In this context, the criteria for the assessment of flood risk need to be improved to take into account the variability of rainfall due to climate change. In this study, a Bayesian procedure was used to update the parameters of the depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curves and quantify the uncertainty related to their assessment in some climate change scenarios. The critical storm obtained from these updated DDF curves was used as input for the FLO-2D hydraulic model, in order to investigate the effects of climate change on flood risk. The area of study was an urban catchment in Piazza Armerina, a small town located in Southern Italy. Results showed that rainfall variations remarkably affect not only the magnitude of flood events, but also the flood susceptibility of the study area.

ACS Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. Quantifying the Uncertainty Related to Climate Change in the Assessment of Urban Flooding—A Case Study. Water 2019, 11, 2072 .

AMA Style

Lorena Liuzzo, Gabriele Freni. Quantifying the Uncertainty Related to Climate Change in the Assessment of Urban Flooding—A Case Study. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. 2019. "Quantifying the Uncertainty Related to Climate Change in the Assessment of Urban Flooding—A Case Study." Water 11, no. 10: 2072.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2019 in Water Supply
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In recent years, there has been a need to seek adequate preventive measures to deal with contamination in water distribution networks that may be related to the accidental contamination and the deliberate injection of toxic agents. Therefore, it is very important to create a sensor system that detects contamination events in real time, maintains the reliability and efficiency of measurements, and limits the cost of the instrumentation. To this aim, two problems have to be faced: practical difficulties connected to the experimental verification of the optimal sensor configuration efficiency on real operating systems and challenges related to the reliability of the network modelling approaches, which usually neglect the dispersion and diffusion phenomena. The present study applies a numerical optimization approach using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm that was coupled with a new diffusive-dispersive hydraulic simulator. The results are compared with those of an experimental campaign on a laboratory network (Enna, Italy) equipped with a real-time water quality monitoring system and those of a full-scale real distribution network (Zandvoort, Netherlands). The results showed the importance of diffusive processes when flow velocity in the network is low. Neglecting diffusion can negatively influence the water quality sensor positioning, leading to inefficient monitoring networks.

ACS Style

Stefania Piazza; E. J. Mirjam Blokker; Gabriele Freni; Valeria Puleo; Mariacrocetta Sambito. Impact of diffusion and dispersion of contaminants in water distribution networks modelling and monitoring. Water Supply 2019, 20, 46 -58.

AMA Style

Stefania Piazza, E. J. Mirjam Blokker, Gabriele Freni, Valeria Puleo, Mariacrocetta Sambito. Impact of diffusion and dispersion of contaminants in water distribution networks modelling and monitoring. Water Supply. 2019; 20 (1):46-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefania Piazza; E. J. Mirjam Blokker; Gabriele Freni; Valeria Puleo; Mariacrocetta Sambito. 2019. "Impact of diffusion and dispersion of contaminants in water distribution networks modelling and monitoring." Water Supply 20, no. 1: 46-58.

Journal article
Published: 13 September 2019 in Journal of Hydroinformatics
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In the last decade, the growth of the micro-industry in urban areas has produced an increase in the frequency of xenobiotic polluting discharges in drainage systems. Wastewater treatment plants are usually characterized by low removal efficiencies in respect of such pollutants, which may have an acute or cumulative impact on environmental and public health. To facilitate the early isolation of illicit intrusions, this study aims to develop an approach for positioning water quality sensors based on the Bayesian decision network (BDN). The analysis is focused on soluble conservative pollutants, such as metals. The proposed methodology incorporates several sources of information, including network topology, flows and non-formal ‘grey’ information about the possible locations of contamination sources. The methodology is tested using two sewer systems with increasing complexity: a literature scheme from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) manual and a real combined sewer in Italy. In both cases, the approach identifies the optimal sensor location gaining advantage from additional information, which reduces the computational effort needed to obtain the solution. In the real case, the application of the method yielded a better solution with regards to the real position of the implemented sensor network.

ACS Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Cristiana Di Cristo; Gabriele Freni; Angelo Leopardi. Optimal water quality sensor positioning in urban drainage systems for illicit intrusion identification. Journal of Hydroinformatics 2019, 22, 46 -60.

AMA Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito, Cristiana Di Cristo, Gabriele Freni, Angelo Leopardi. Optimal water quality sensor positioning in urban drainage systems for illicit intrusion identification. Journal of Hydroinformatics. 2019; 22 (1):46-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Cristiana Di Cristo; Gabriele Freni; Angelo Leopardi. 2019. "Optimal water quality sensor positioning in urban drainage systems for illicit intrusion identification." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 1: 46-60.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Energies
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The increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has encouraged the development of small run-of-river plants. Preliminary studies are required to assess the technical and economic feasibility of such plants. In this context, the identification of optimal potential run-of-river sites has become a key issue. In this paper, an approach that is based on GIS tools coupled with a hydrological model has been applied to detect potential locations for a run-of-river plant. A great number of locations has been analyzed to identify those that could assure the achievement of different thresholds of potential power. The environmental and economic feasibility for small hydropower projects in these locations has been assessed and a multi-objective analysis has been carried out to highlight the most profitable configurations. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been calibrated to simulate runoff in the Taw at Umberleigh catchment (South West England). The results showed that, in the area of study, different locations could be selected as suitable for run-of-river plants.

ACS Style

Vincenzo Sammartano; Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure. Energies 2019, 12, 3446 .

AMA Style

Vincenzo Sammartano, Lorena Liuzzo, Gabriele Freni. Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure. Energies. 2019; 12 (18):3446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincenzo Sammartano; Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. 2019. "Identification of Potential Locations for Run-of-River Hydropower Plants Using a GIS-Based Procedure." Energies 12, no. 18: 3446.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2019 in Water
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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have many benefits being an effective alternative water supply solution, not only in arid and semi-arid regions. Also, these systems can be useful in the reduction of flood risk in urban areas. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH in reducing water consumption, whereas few examples examined their efficiency in the retention of stormwater in flood-susceptible residential areas. The aim of this work was to investigate the reliability of RWH systems in terms of stormwater retention. Specifically, the performance of RWH tanks to supply water for toilet flushing, in more than 400 single-family houses in a residential area of Sicily (Southern Italy) was analyzed. The area of study was chosen due to its high susceptibility to flooding. A flushing water demand pattern was defined using water consumption data collected during a measurement campaign. The yield-after-spillage algorithm was used to simulate the daily water balance of the RWH tanks. The effect of the RWH implementation on flood volumes in the area of study was quantified using FLO-2D. Results point out that the potential of neighborhood RWH installation in the mitigation of flood risk is highly related to rainfall amount.

ACS Style

Gabriele Freni; Lorena Liuzzo. Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas. Water 2019, 11, 1389 .

AMA Style

Gabriele Freni, Lorena Liuzzo. Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Freni; Lorena Liuzzo. 2019. "Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas." Water 11, no. 7: 1389.

Article
Published: 06 June 2019 in Water Resources Management
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Flooding is one of the main natural hazards in Northern Europe and several areas of the Northern Boreal Hemisphere, where during intense rainfall events, several river basins are affected by a fast water level rise that may cause severe damage to human lives and properties. For these reasons, the development of flood models to identify susceptible areas is essential for decision-makers. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are currently accurate and valuable support tools for defining flood susceptibility maps at different spatial scales. In this study, the prediction accuracy of different GIS-based procedures in the identification of flooding susceptibility is tested and compared. These procedures include the frequency ratio, a combination of the frequency ratio and logistic regression, a combination of the frequency ratio and Shannon’s entropy index, and the statistical index. Ten conditioning parameters of flooding susceptibility are considered: elevation, slope, curvature, land use, Topographic Wetness Index, Stream Power Index, hydrogeology, stream distance, flow direction and average annual rainfall. The comparison analysis is carried out by applying these methods to the study area of Devon County in Southwest England. A total of 225 flood events are used to define the models. For model validation, 1000 randomly selected training and testing sub-datasets have been used in the definition of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results show that the procedure based on the statistical index provides the highest accuracy and reliability in flood susceptibility predictions.

ACS Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Vincenzo Sammartano; Gabriele Freni. Comparison between Different Distributed Methods for Flood Susceptibility Mapping. Water Resources Management 2019, 33, 3155 -3173.

AMA Style

Lorena Liuzzo, Vincenzo Sammartano, Gabriele Freni. Comparison between Different Distributed Methods for Flood Susceptibility Mapping. Water Resources Management. 2019; 33 (9):3155-3173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Vincenzo Sammartano; Gabriele Freni. 2019. "Comparison between Different Distributed Methods for Flood Susceptibility Mapping." Water Resources Management 33, no. 9: 3155-3173.

Proceedings article
Published: 20 September 2018
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In recent years, the evaluation of water quality in distribution systems has generated enormous interest in the scientific community due to the increasing concentration of population in urban areas and frequent issues connected with supply water quality. Following the wave of bioterrorism subsequent the events of September 11th 2001, a need can be foreseen to seek adequate preventive measures to deal with contamination in water distribution systems that may be related to the accidental contamination and deliberate injection of toxic agents of any origin in the distribution networks. Therefore, it is very important to create a sensor system that detects contamination events in real time, while maintaining the reliability and efficiency of the measurements, limiting the cost of the instrumentation. A reliable monitoring system, for this kind of problems, cannot be deployed without realistic modelling support. The current state-of-the-art in water distribution systems analysis usually adopt a simplified approach to water quality modelling, neglecting dispersion and diffusion and considering simplified reaction kinetics. Even if such simplifications are commonly acceptable in fully turbulent flows, they may take to relevant errors in transition flows with low velocity thus taking to unreliable interpretation of the contamination in complex networks. The present paper aims to compare different modelling approaches to the evaluation of contaminant dispersion in two distribution networks: one laboratory network in which contamination experiments were carried out in a controlled environment (Enna, Italy) and a full-scale real distribution network (Zandvoort, Netherlands).

ACS Style

Stefania Piazza; E.J. Mirjam Blokker; Gabriele Freni; Valeria Puleo; Mariacrocetta Sambito. Comparison Between Diffusive and Advective Approach in Quality Analysis of a Real Distribution Network. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Stefania Piazza, E.J. Mirjam Blokker, Gabriele Freni, Valeria Puleo, Mariacrocetta Sambito. Comparison Between Diffusive and Advective Approach in Quality Analysis of a Real Distribution Network. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefania Piazza; E.J. Mirjam Blokker; Gabriele Freni; Valeria Puleo; Mariacrocetta Sambito. 2018. "Comparison Between Diffusive and Advective Approach in Quality Analysis of a Real Distribution Network." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 September 2018
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The pressure sensors positioning is a crucial step for leakages detection. The optimal positioning of monitoring sensors, or simply sampling design, has been previously addressed with respect to several purposes. The proposed methodology aims to select the pressure monitoring nodes for leakages detection by coupling the water distribution network hydraulic simulation model with the identifiability analysis. The nodes selection is done among those which are more sensitive with respect to different leakages positions and uncorrelated from each other to avoid redundant information. The parameter uncertainty effect on the results is also investigated. The method is applied to the benchmark network Apulian.

ACS Style

Valeria Puleo; Gabriele Freni; Goffredo La Loggia. Pressure Sensors Positioning for Leakages Detection under Uncertain Demands. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Valeria Puleo, Gabriele Freni, Goffredo La Loggia. Pressure Sensors Positioning for Leakages Detection under Uncertain Demands. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valeria Puleo; Gabriele Freni; Goffredo La Loggia. 2018. "Pressure Sensors Positioning for Leakages Detection under Uncertain Demands." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 September 2018
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In the last decades, the growth of mini- and micro-industry in urban areas has produced an increase in the frequency of xenobiotic polluting discharges in drainage systems. Such pollutants are usually characterized by low removal efficiencies in urban wastewater treatment plants and they may have an acute or cumulative impact on environment. In order to facilitate early detection and efficient containment of the illicit intrusions, the present work aims to develop a decision-support approach for positioning the water quality sensors. It is mainly based on the use of a decision-making support of the BDN type (Bayesian Decision Network), specifically looking soluble conservative pollutants, such as metals. In the application and result section the methodology is tested on two sewer systems, with increasing complexity: a literature scheme from the SWMM manual and a real combined sewer.

ACS Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Cristiana Di Cristo; Gabriele Freni; Angelo Leopardi; Claudia Quintiliani. Pre-Conditioning Approach to Bayesian Decision Networks for Water Quality Sensors Positioning in Urban Drainage Systems. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito, Cristiana Di Cristo, Gabriele Freni, Angelo Leopardi, Claudia Quintiliani. Pre-Conditioning Approach to Bayesian Decision Networks for Water Quality Sensors Positioning in Urban Drainage Systems. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariacrocetta Sambito; Cristiana Di Cristo; Gabriele Freni; Angelo Leopardi; Claudia Quintiliani. 2018. "Pre-Conditioning Approach to Bayesian Decision Networks for Water Quality Sensors Positioning in Urban Drainage Systems." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 September 2018
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Assessing the impacts of future changes in land use on the hydrological cycle is an important issue for the proper management of water resources, since land use changes have implications on both water quantity and quality. Land use changes, in particular the expansion of urban areas, can significantly affect river flow increasing flood risk, whereas, the development of woodland areas could have positive effects on the reduction of peak flow. The present study has been carried out to assess and quantify the impact of land use changes on the water resources of a river basin located in South West England. With this aim, a hydrological model has been applied to some land use scenarios. In particular, two scenarios have been investigated: the first includes the increase of agricultural areas and the decrease of woodlands, the second includes the increase of urban areas and the decrease of woodlands. Results showed that, in the area of study, river flow would likely to be affected by future land use changes, mainly in the case of urban areas increase.

ACS Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. Implications of Land Use Change on River Flow in South West England. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Lorena Liuzzo, Gabriele Freni. Implications of Land Use Change on River Flow in South West England. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. 2018. "Implications of Land Use Change on River Flow in South West England." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2018 in Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions
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In recent years, limitations linked to traditional urban drainage schemes have been pointed out and new approaches were developed introducing more natural methods for retaining and/or disposing of stormwater. Such practices include infiltration and storage tanks in order to reduce the peak flow and retain part of the polluting components. The impact of such practices on stormwater quantity and quality is not easily assessable because of the complexity of physical and chemical processes involved. In such cases, integrated urban drainage models may play a relevant role providing tools for long term analysis. In this study, the effect of the clogging phenomenon has been assessed by means of a simplified conceptual modelling approach developed in previous studies has been employed and different soils as well as different design criteria have been considered. On the basis of a long-term simulation of 6 years rain data, the performance as well as the effectiveness of an infiltration trench measure are assessed. The study confirmed the important role played by the clogging phenomenon on such infiltration structures.

ACS Style

Gabriele Freni; Giorgio Mannina. Long Term Efficiency Analysis of Infiltration Trenches Subjected to Clogging. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 181 -187.

AMA Style

Gabriele Freni, Giorgio Mannina. Long Term Efficiency Analysis of Infiltration Trenches Subjected to Clogging. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():181-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Freni; Giorgio Mannina. 2018. "Long Term Efficiency Analysis of Infiltration Trenches Subjected to Clogging." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 181-187.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2018 in Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions
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Natural water resources are becoming increasingly limited due to global-scale climate change and water availability issues have become so severe that they must be addressed. Given these issues, reuse of wastewater and rainwater provides a promising way to cope with water shortages. This paper describes an investigation into the efficiency of rainwater usage systems. A conceptual model was built to assess the behaviour of rainwater tanks and their effectiveness in coping with water shortages. The study is based on a long-term simulation (12 years) of different rainwater reuse tank schemes. The associated reductions in residential freshwater demand (water reuse efficiency) and wet-weather runoff delivered to the sewer system (sewer discharge efficiency) were surveyed. The results clearly show that rainwater usage systems can significantly reduce drinking water consumption. The specific volumes required for the reuse of rainwater are high; however, for local scale application, the specific volumes necessary are comparable to the reservoir volumes already used to store freshwater resources during potable water shortage.

ACS Style

Gabriele Freni; Giorgio Mannina; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani. Rainwater Reuse in Urban Areas: A Mathematical Model and a Long-Term Modelling Approach. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 175 -180.

AMA Style

Gabriele Freni, Giorgio Mannina, Michele Torregrossa, Gaspare Viviani. Rainwater Reuse in Urban Areas: A Mathematical Model and a Long-Term Modelling Approach. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():175-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Freni; Giorgio Mannina; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani. 2018. "Rainwater Reuse in Urban Areas: A Mathematical Model and a Long-Term Modelling Approach." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 175-180.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2018 in Journal of Hydroinformatics
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In Mediterranean countries, users are often equipped with private tanks, which provide a temporary water storage capacity, able to compensate service interruptions due to either scarcity or irregularity of water supply. In the presence of private water storage, water supply is no longer linked to users' consumption and network-operating conditions can be off-design, therefore specific models have to be introduced in simulation models of water distribution networks. Here, a new mathematical model is proposed that is able to reproduce a tank's emptying/filling cycles. Specifically, by means of experimental analysis, a hyperbolic tangent law was tested to reproduce the filling process for private tanks. The flow rate is calculated by means of the classical Torricelli law, in which the float valve emitter coefficient and the valve area are calculated using a function that takes into account the water level within the private tank. The comparison obtained through the mathematical model and those observed from experiments confirmed the ability of the model to predict the flow rate balance within private tanks. The results show that the model is suitable for any length of float valve branch. The mathematical system can be easily used in a transient model to correctly estimate the supplied demand.

ACS Style

Mauro De Marchis; Gabriele Freni; Barbara Milici. Experimental analysis of pressure-discharge relationship in a private water supply tank. Journal of Hydroinformatics 2018, 20, 608 -621.

AMA Style

Mauro De Marchis, Gabriele Freni, Barbara Milici. Experimental analysis of pressure-discharge relationship in a private water supply tank. Journal of Hydroinformatics. 2018; 20 (3):608-621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mauro De Marchis; Gabriele Freni; Barbara Milici. 2018. "Experimental analysis of pressure-discharge relationship in a private water supply tank." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 3: 608-621.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Atmospheric Research
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ACS Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Enrico Bono; Vincenzo Sammartano; Gabriele Freni. Long-term temperature changes in Sicily, Southern Italy. Atmospheric Research 2017, 198, 44 -55.

AMA Style

Lorena Liuzzo, Enrico Bono, Vincenzo Sammartano, Gabriele Freni. Long-term temperature changes in Sicily, Southern Italy. Atmospheric Research. 2017; 198 ():44-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorena Liuzzo; Enrico Bono; Vincenzo Sammartano; Gabriele Freni. 2017. "Long-term temperature changes in Sicily, Southern Italy." Atmospheric Research 198, no. : 44-55.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2017 in Journal of Hydroinformatics
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In the Mediterranean area, water scarcity represents a critical issue due to the increasing water demand related to the population growth and the expansion of urban and industrialized areas. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) may be an effective alternative water supply solution to deal with water scarcity in order to reduce non-potable water needs. The reliability of RWH systems is greatly affected by the intensity and the temporal distribution of rainfall events. The purpose of the present study was to identify the optimal tank capacity, in terms of water saving efficiency, of a RWH system installed to supply water for toilet flushing, garden irrigation and both uses with reference to a single-family house in a residential area of Sicily (southern Italy). A water balance simulation of the rainwater storage tank was performed to define the tank release rule. The optimal capacity of the RWH tank was evaluated considering three different catchment surfaces, namely 100, 200 and 300 m2. Results showed that, in some areas of the region, the system could be able to provide significant water savings, even with the installation of collecting tanks of less than 10 m3, thus ensuring important environmental and economic benefits to the householders.

ACS Style

Vincenza Notaro; Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. Evaluation of the optimal size of a rainwater harvesting system in Sicily. Journal of Hydroinformatics 2017, 19, 853 -864.

AMA Style

Vincenza Notaro, Lorena Liuzzo, Gabriele Freni. Evaluation of the optimal size of a rainwater harvesting system in Sicily. Journal of Hydroinformatics. 2017; 19 (6):853-864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincenza Notaro; Lorena Liuzzo; Gabriele Freni. 2017. "Evaluation of the optimal size of a rainwater harvesting system in Sicily." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 6: 853-864.