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Dr. Zhang Xin
Beijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Fuel cell vehicle
0 internal combustion engine
0 hybrid power system
0 Emission control technology of automobiles
0 Alternative fuel for engines

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Combustion characteristics of IC engines
Fuel cell vehicle

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Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Fuel
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In this study, we conduct premixed combustion experiments on methane-hydrogen-air mixtures based on an experimental platform of a closed spherical chamber. The flame images, combustion pressure, and ion current signal of premixed combustion under different hydrogen fractions and different initial conditions are analyzed. The flame front is affected by turbulence to form cellular structures. As the hydrogen content increases, the crack and cellular structures of the flame front increase, and the scale decreases. The Markstein length decreases, and the flame stability decreases because of the addition of hydrogen. For dilute hydrogen conditions, the stretch flame speed increases linearly with the addition of hydrogen, and the concentration of hydrogen has a significant influence on the moment when the ion current signal appears. Under rich hydrogen conditions, the stretch flame speed increases exponentially with the addition of hydrogen, and the ion current signal curve is hardly affected by the hydrogen content. The peak combustion pressure in a turbulent environment is slightly higher (less than 0.5 bar) than that in a laminar environment. Turbulence accelerates the combustion velocity, and the peak combustion pressure occurs significantly earlier. However, with the addition of hydrogen, the difference between the time of peak combustion pressure in the laminar and turbulent environments decreases gradually.

ACS Style

Yanfei Li; Xin Zhang; Yue Wang. Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of premixed methane-hydrogen-air mixtures in a spherical closed chamber. Fuel 2021, 299, 120885 .

AMA Style

Yanfei Li, Xin Zhang, Yue Wang. Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of premixed methane-hydrogen-air mixtures in a spherical closed chamber. Fuel. 2021; 299 ():120885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanfei Li; Xin Zhang; Yue Wang. 2021. "Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of premixed methane-hydrogen-air mixtures in a spherical closed chamber." Fuel 299, no. : 120885.

Review
Published: 14 October 2020 in Energies
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The energy management strategy (EMS) and control algorithm of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) directly determine its energy efficiency, control effect, and system reliability. For a certain configuration of an HEV powertrain, the challenge is to develop an efficient EMS and an appropriate control algorithm to satisfy a variety of development objectives while not reducing vehicle performance. In this research, a comprehensive, multi-level classification for HEVs is introduced in detail from the aspects of the degree of hybridization (DoH), the position of the motor, the components and configurations of the powertrain, and whether or not the HEV is charged by external power. The principle and research status of EMSs for each type of HEV are summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the EMSs and control algorithms of HEVs are compared and analyzed from the perspectives of characteristics, applications, real-time abilities, and historical development. Finally, some discussions about potential directions and challenges for future research on the energy management systems of HEVs are presented. This review is expected to bring contribution to the development of efficient, intelligent, and advanced EMSs for future HEV energy management systems.

ACS Style

Qicheng Xue; Xin Zhang; Teng Teng; Jibao Zhang; Zhiyuan Feng; Qinyang Lv. A Comprehensive Review on Classification, Energy Management Strategy, and Control Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Energies 2020, 13, 5355 .

AMA Style

Qicheng Xue, Xin Zhang, Teng Teng, Jibao Zhang, Zhiyuan Feng, Qinyang Lv. A Comprehensive Review on Classification, Energy Management Strategy, and Control Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2020; 13 (20):5355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qicheng Xue; Xin Zhang; Teng Teng; Jibao Zhang; Zhiyuan Feng; Qinyang Lv. 2020. "A Comprehensive Review on Classification, Energy Management Strategy, and Control Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 20: 5355.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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A turbulent combustion test platform is designed. It is demonstrated that the turbulent environment in a constant volume combustion chamber is isotropic and controllable. Based on the platform, the turbulent combustion characteristics of methane/air are studied. The collected flame image and combustion pressure data are analysed. The results show that when the initial temperature is 300 K, the initial pressure is 1 bar, and the equivalence ratio is ϕ=1, the flame shape maintains self-similarity in the propagation process under different turbulence intensities. With the increase in turbulence intensity, there are more cracks on the flame surface and more wrinkles on the flame front; with the increase in turbulence intensity, the combustion propagation rate increases, the flame propagation rate increases at the same flame radius, and the maximum combustion pressure and the rate of pressure rise increase. When the turbulence intensity is constant, the test results of equivalence ratios of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 are compared. At an equivalent ratio of 1, the flame propagation rate and the stretch rate of the flame are maximized, and the maximum burning pressure and pressure rise rate are maximized.

ACS Style

Yue Wang; Xin Zhang; Yanfei Li; Siyu Qin. Experimental study on premixed turbulent flame of methane/air in a spherical closed chamber. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 222, 113219 .

AMA Style

Yue Wang, Xin Zhang, Yanfei Li, Siyu Qin. Experimental study on premixed turbulent flame of methane/air in a spherical closed chamber. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 222 ():113219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Wang; Xin Zhang; Yanfei Li; Siyu Qin. 2020. "Experimental study on premixed turbulent flame of methane/air in a spherical closed chamber." Energy Conversion and Management 222, no. : 113219.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2020 in Energies
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In this work, the possibilistic fuzzy C-means clustering artificial bee colony support vector machine (PFCM-ABC-SVM) method is proposed and applied for the fault diagnosis of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. The innovation of this method is that it can filter data with Gaussian noise and diagnose faults under dynamic conditions, and the amplitude of characteristic parameters is reduced to ±10%. Under dynamic conditions with Gaussian noise, the faults of the PEM fuel cell system are simulated and the original dataset is established. The possibilistic fuzzy C-means (PFCM) algorithm is used to filter samples with membership and typicality less than 90% and to optimize the original dataset. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used to optimize the penalty factor C and kernel function parameter g. Finally, the optimized support vector machine (SVM) model is used to diagnose the faults of the PEM fuel cell system. To illustrate the results of the fault diagnosis, a nonlinear PEM fuel cell simulator model which has been presented in the literature is used. In addition, the PFCM-ABC-SVM method is compared with other methods. The result shows that the method can diagnose faults in a PEM fuel cell system effectively and the accuracy of the testing set sample is up to 98.51%. When solving small-sized, nonlinear, high-dimensional problems, the PFCM-ABC-SVM method can improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

ACS Style

Feng Han; Ying Tian; Qiang Zou; Xin Zhang. Research on the Fault Diagnosis of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System. Energies 2020, 13, 2531 .

AMA Style

Feng Han, Ying Tian, Qiang Zou, Xin Zhang. Research on the Fault Diagnosis of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System. Energies. 2020; 13 (10):2531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng Han; Ying Tian; Qiang Zou; Xin Zhang. 2020. "Research on the Fault Diagnosis of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System." Energies 13, no. 10: 2531.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2020 in Energies
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The series hybrid electric powertrain is the main architecture of the hybrid electric tracked vehicle. For a series tracked hybrid electric bulldozer (HEB), frequent fluctuations of the engine working points, deviation of the genset working points from the pre-set target trajectory due to an insufficient response, or interference of the hydraulic pump consumed torque, will all result in increased fuel consumption. To solve the three problems of fuel economy, an adaptive smooth power following (ASPF) control strategy based on an optimal efficiency map is proposed. The strategy combines a fuzzy adaptive filter algorithm with a genset’s optimal efficiency, which can adaptively smooth the working points of the genset and search the trajectory for the genset’s best efficiency when the hydraulic pump torque is involved. In this study, the proposed strategy was compared on the established HEB hardware in loop (HIL) platform with two other strategies: a power following strategy in a preliminarily practical application (PF1) and a typical power following strategy based on the engine minimum fuel consumption curve (PF2). The results of the comparison show that (1) the proposed approach can significantly reduce the fluctuation and pre-set trajectory deviation of the engine and generator working points; (2) the ASPF strategy achieves a 7.8% improvement in the equivalent fuel saving ratio (EFSR) over the PF1 strategy, and a 3.4% better ratio than the PF2 strategy; and (3) the ASPF strategy can be implemented online with a practical controller.

ACS Style

Baodi Zhang; Sheng Guo; Xin Zhang; Qicheng Xue; Lan Teng. Adaptive Smoothing Power Following Control Strategy Based on an Optimal Efficiency Map for a Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle. Energies 2020, 13, 1893 .

AMA Style

Baodi Zhang, Sheng Guo, Xin Zhang, Qicheng Xue, Lan Teng. Adaptive Smoothing Power Following Control Strategy Based on an Optimal Efficiency Map for a Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):1893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baodi Zhang; Sheng Guo; Xin Zhang; Qicheng Xue; Lan Teng. 2020. "Adaptive Smoothing Power Following Control Strategy Based on an Optimal Efficiency Map for a Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 8: 1893.

Review
Published: 20 February 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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With the gradual maturity of fuel cell vehicle technology, it gives a better opportunity for the application of passenger vehicles. In this paper, the energy management optimization strategies of fuel cell passenger vehicle (FCPV) are summarized for the first time. Initially, in this review, the topological configurations of FCPV are classified systematically. The optimization objectives, energy consumption and fuel cell life, are proposed for FCPV. Then the energy management strategies (EMSs) are illustrated and analysed based on the optimization objectives above. In terms of the complex and changeable characteristics of FCPV driving conditions, the latest FCPV EMSs which depend on driving information prediction technologies are discussed and summarized. The purpose of this paper is providing references for the development of new generation FCPV energy management optimization strategies.

ACS Style

Teng Teng; Xin Zhang; Han Dong; Qicheng Xue. A comprehensive review of energy management optimization strategies for fuel cell passenger vehicle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 20293 -20303.

AMA Style

Teng Teng, Xin Zhang, Han Dong, Qicheng Xue. A comprehensive review of energy management optimization strategies for fuel cell passenger vehicle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (39):20293-20303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teng Teng; Xin Zhang; Han Dong; Qicheng Xue. 2020. "A comprehensive review of energy management optimization strategies for fuel cell passenger vehicle." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 39: 20293-20303.

Conference paper
Published: 06 February 2020 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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In the course of plastic forming, the residual stress of the power spinning connecting rod bushing will be produced. The residual stress will influence the dimensional precision and leads to bushing fatigue failure. In view of the residual stress size and distribution and the elimination of residual stress. In this paper, a single factor test was carried out for the research object with the power spinning rod bushing of tin bronze (QSn7-0.2). This paper puts forward the X-ray diffraction method combine with electrolytic polishing method to measure different levels of residual stress and carry on the analysis to the experimental result. The influences of the main parameters (thinning ratio, the first wheel of reduction, feed rate, heat treatment temperature and holding time) on the residual stress were obtained. The results show that: after the power spinning, the surface of the connecting rod bushing is the residual compressive stress, the inner layer is the residual tensile stress, the residual stress at both ends of the bushing is greater than the residual stress in the middle part of the work. In a certain range, the surface residual stress of the connecting rod liner increases with the increase of the thinning ratio, and decreases with the increase of the feed ratio then increases, and decreases with the increase of the first wheel thinning. In a certain range of temperature, the connecting rod bushing after the strong spinning is treated by heat treatment, the surface residual stress will decrease with the increase of temperature, and the longer the holding time, the more obvious the effect of removing residual stress

ACS Style

Yue Wang; Xin Zhang. Experimental study on the residual stress of the power spinning rod bushing with main technological parameters. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020, 20, 283 -294.

AMA Style

Yue Wang, Xin Zhang. Experimental study on the residual stress of the power spinning rod bushing with main technological parameters. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 20 ():283-294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Wang; Xin Zhang. 2020. "Experimental study on the residual stress of the power spinning rod bushing with main technological parameters." Materials Today: Proceedings 20, no. : 283-294.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The mass fraction burned (MFB) of the gas mixture in combustion process as the function of the combustion duration time, reflects the percentage of fuel consumed at the every moment in the combustion process, and is an important factor for analysing of the fuel combustion performance, and it has high engineering value for evaluating engine design parameters and operating performance and for improving the combustion process in-cylinder combustion process. The ion current signal directly originated from the fuel combustion process in the cylinder, and contained much information about the combustion process; the MFB of fuel in combustion process can be obtained based on the correlation between the MFB and ion current signal. In this paper, the ion current method is constructed to calculate the MFB of fuel in combustion process under different initial conditions (initial pressure from 1 bar to 3 bar, equivalence ratio from 0.8 to 1.2, hydrogen mass fraction from 0% to 10%, and CO2 dilution ratio from 0% to 10%), the method based on the waveform parameters of ion current signal for obtaining the efficiency factor and the form factor of Wiebe function, and further to slove the mass fraction burned of combustion process. The mass fraction burned is obtained through ion current method reduced assumptions error and improved the calculation accuracy compared with the well-known Rassweiler–Withrow method, and the ion current method has an advantage that not requires an high-cost sensor and some rather complex measuring instruments. The ion current method is a simple but powerful calculation model that provide a new technical path for analysing and online obtaining the MFB of fuel in combustion process.

ACS Style

Zhanfeng Song; Xin Zhang; Yue Wang; Zhunqing Hu. Evaluation mass fraction burned obtained from the ion current signal fuelled with hydrogen/carbon dioxide and natural gas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 25257 -25264.

AMA Style

Zhanfeng Song, Xin Zhang, Yue Wang, Zhunqing Hu. Evaluation mass fraction burned obtained from the ion current signal fuelled with hydrogen/carbon dioxide and natural gas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (46):25257-25264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhanfeng Song; Xin Zhang; Yue Wang; Zhunqing Hu. 2019. "Evaluation mass fraction burned obtained from the ion current signal fuelled with hydrogen/carbon dioxide and natural gas." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 46: 25257-25264.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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Experimental research on performance and emissions of engine fueled with low calorific value gas blended with hydrogen was carried out, and indicated thermal efficiency, engine torque, indicator diagram, pressure rise rate, and emissions with different hydrogen ratios were also analyzed. Experimental results show that with the increase of hydrogen fraction and CNG fraction in mixtures, the indicated thermal efficiency increased. The engine power output is influenced by both low calorific value and hydrogen fractions. With the increase of hydrogen fraction in mixtures, HC emissions decrease, CO and NOx emissions increase. An engine operating on lean-burn low calorific value gas blended with hydrogen is favorable for getting lower emissions.

ACS Style

Xin Zhang; Xiao Sen Hou. Experimental Research on low calorific value gas blended with hydrogen engine. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 459 -464.

AMA Style

Xin Zhang, Xiao Sen Hou. Experimental Research on low calorific value gas blended with hydrogen engine. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():459-464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Zhang; Xiao Sen Hou. 2019. "Experimental Research on low calorific value gas blended with hydrogen engine." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 459-464.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in Micromachines
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The entrance region constitutes a considerable fraction of the channel length in miniaturized devices. Laminar slip flow in microchannel plate fin heat sinks under hydrodynamically developing conditions is investigated semi-analytically and numerically in this paper. The semi-analytical model for the pressure drop of microchannel plate fin heat sinks is obtained by solving the momentum equation with the first-order velocity slip boundary conditions at the channel walls. The simple pressure drop model utilizes fundamental solutions from fluid dynamics to predict its constitutive components. The accuracy of the model is examined using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and the experimental and numerical data available in the literature. The model can be applied to either apparent liquid slip over hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces or gas slip flow in microchannel heat sinks. The developed model has an accuracy of 92 percent for slip flow in microchannel plate fin heat sinks. The developed model may be used to predict the pressure drop of slip flow in microchannel plate fin heat sinks for minimizing the effort and expense of experiments, especially in the design and optimization of microchannel plate fin heat sinks.

ACS Style

Zhipeng Duan; Hao Ma; Boshu He; Liangbin Su; Xin Zhang. Pressure Drop of Microchannel Plate Fin Heat Sinks. Micromachines 2019, 10, 80 .

AMA Style

Zhipeng Duan, Hao Ma, Boshu He, Liangbin Su, Xin Zhang. Pressure Drop of Microchannel Plate Fin Heat Sinks. Micromachines. 2019; 10 (2):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhipeng Duan; Hao Ma; Boshu He; Liangbin Su; Xin Zhang. 2019. "Pressure Drop of Microchannel Plate Fin Heat Sinks." Micromachines 10, no. 2: 80.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Journal of the Energy Institute
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The characteristics of the ionization current, pressure, and flame schlieren photos during the combustion process of natural gas-hydrogen/CO2 blends were studied using high-speed schlieren data acquisition technology and flame ionization analysis methods. According to the ion current waveform, pressure waveform, and flame propagation photos, the relationship of the characteristic parameters between the ion current and pressure were analysed using available experimental data. The ionization current waveform can reflect not only the entire combustion process (including ignition phase, the front flame phase and the post flame phase) but also the effect of the initial pressure, equivalence ratios, hydrogen fraction and CO2 dilution ratios on the combustion process. This results of this study show that the amplitude and characteristic timing of the ion current can be used to predict the change of the chamber pressure. The ion current and pressure will increase with the increase of the initial pressure, equivalence ratio and hydrogen fractions, but the parameters will decrease with the increase of the CO2 dilution ratio. The characteristic timing of the ion current and pressure peaks is advanced with the increase of the equivalence ratio and hydrogen fractions; however, the peaks are postponed by the increase in the initial pressure and CO2 dilution ratio. The corresponding relationship of the characteristic timing between the ion current and pressure is basically unchanged. The results of this study provide a new approach for exactly controlling the combustion process.

ACS Style

Zhanfeng Song; Xin Zhang; Xiaosen Hou; Shangfei Hu. Relationship of the combustion characteristics of natural gas-hydrogen/carbon dioxide mixtures with the ion current and pressure parameters. Journal of the Energy Institute 2018, 92, 1014 -1022.

AMA Style

Zhanfeng Song, Xin Zhang, Xiaosen Hou, Shangfei Hu. Relationship of the combustion characteristics of natural gas-hydrogen/carbon dioxide mixtures with the ion current and pressure parameters. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2018; 92 (4):1014-1022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhanfeng Song; Xin Zhang; Xiaosen Hou; Shangfei Hu. 2018. "Relationship of the combustion characteristics of natural gas-hydrogen/carbon dioxide mixtures with the ion current and pressure parameters." Journal of the Energy Institute 92, no. 4: 1014-1022.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2018 in Energies
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This paper presents a linearization method for the vehicle and tire models under the model predictive control (MPC) scheme, and proposes a linear model-based MPC path-tracking steering controller for autonomous vehicles. The steering controller is designed to minimize lateral path-tracking deviation at high speeds. The vehicle model is linearized by a sequence of supposed steering angles, which are obtained by assuming the vehicle can reach the desired path at the end of the MPC prediction horizon and stay in a steady-state condition. The lateral force of the front tire is directly used as the control input of the model, and the rear tire’s lateral force is linearized by an equivalent cornering stiffness. The course-direction deviation, which is the angle between the velocity vector and the path heading, is chosen as a control reference state. The linearization model is validated through the simulation, and the results show high prediction accuracy even in regions of large steering angle. This steering controller is tested through simulations on the CarSim-Simulink platform (R2013b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA), showing the improved performance of the present controller at high speeds.

ACS Style

Chuanyang Sun; Xin Zhang; Lihe Xi; Ying Tian. Design of a Path-Tracking Steering Controller for Autonomous Vehicles. Energies 2018, 11, 1451 .

AMA Style

Chuanyang Sun, Xin Zhang, Lihe Xi, Ying Tian. Design of a Path-Tracking Steering Controller for Autonomous Vehicles. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuanyang Sun; Xin Zhang; Lihe Xi; Ying Tian. 2018. "Design of a Path-Tracking Steering Controller for Autonomous Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 6: 1451.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2018 in Micromachines
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Developing a three-dimensional laminar flow in the entrance region of rectangular microchannels has been investigated in this paper. When the hydrodynamic development length is the same magnitude as the microchannel length, entrance effects have to be taken into account, especially in relatively short ducts. Simultaneously, there are a variety of non-continuum or rarefaction effects, such as velocity slip and temperature jump. The available data in the literature appearing on this issue is quite limited, the available study is the semi-theoretical approximate model to predict pressure drop of developing slip flow in rectangular microchannels with different aspect ratios. In this paper, we apply the lattice Boltzmann equation method (LBE) to investigate the developing slip flow through a rectangular microchannel. The effects of the Reynolds number (1 < Re < 1000), channel aspect ratio (0 < ε < 1), and Knudsen number (0.001 < Kn < 0.1) on the dimensionless hydrodynamic entrance length, and the apparent friction factor, and Reynolds number product, are examined in detail. The numerical solution of LBM can recover excellent agreement with the available data in the literature, which proves its accuracy in capturing fundamental fluid characteristics in the slip-flow regime.

ACS Style

Niya Ma; Zhipeng Duan; Hao Ma; Liangbin Su; Peng Liang; Xiaoru Ning; Boshu He; Xin Zhang. Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Entrance Region of Rectangular Microchannels in the Slip Regime. Micromachines 2018, 9, 87 .

AMA Style

Niya Ma, Zhipeng Duan, Hao Ma, Liangbin Su, Peng Liang, Xiaoru Ning, Boshu He, Xin Zhang. Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Entrance Region of Rectangular Microchannels in the Slip Regime. Micromachines. 2018; 9 (2):87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niya Ma; Zhipeng Duan; Hao Ma; Liangbin Su; Peng Liang; Xiaoru Ning; Boshu He; Xin Zhang. 2018. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Entrance Region of Rectangular Microchannels in the Slip Regime." Micromachines 9, no. 2: 87.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2017 in Energies
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The extended range electric vehicle (EREV) can store much clean energy from the electric grid when it arrives at the charging station with lower battery energy. Consuming minimum gasoline during the trip is a common goal for most energy management controllers. To achieve these objectives, an intelligent energy management controller for EREV based on dynamic programming and neural networks (IEMC_NN) is proposed. The power demand split ratio between the extender and battery are optimized by DP, and the control objectives are presented as a cost function. The online controller is trained by neural networks. Three trained controllers, constructing the controller library in IEMC_NN, are obtained from training three typical lengths of the driving cycle. To determine an appropriate NN controller for different driving distance purposes, the selection module in IEMC_NN is developed based on the remaining battery energy and the driving distance to the charging station. Three simulation conditions are adopted to validate the performance of IEMC_NN. They are target driving distance information, known and unknown, changing the destination during the trip. Simulation results using these simulation conditions show that the IEMC_NN had better fuel economy than the charging deplete/charging sustain (CD/CS) algorithm. More significantly, with known driving distance information, the battery SOC controlled by IEMC_NN can just reach the lower bound as the EREV arrives at the charging station, which was also feasible when the driver changed the destination during the trip.

ACS Style

Lihe Xi; Xin Zhang; Chuanyang Sun; Zexing Wang; Xiaosen Hou; Jibao Zhang. Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network. Energies 2017, 10, 1871 .

AMA Style

Lihe Xi, Xin Zhang, Chuanyang Sun, Zexing Wang, Xiaosen Hou, Jibao Zhang. Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network. Energies. 2017; 10 (11):1871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lihe Xi; Xin Zhang; Chuanyang Sun; Zexing Wang; Xiaosen Hou; Jibao Zhang. 2017. "Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network." Energies 10, no. 11: 1871.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2016 in Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A
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ACS Style

Wen Song; Xin Zhang; Yi Tian; Li-He Xi. A charging management-based intelligent control strategy for extended-range electric vehicles. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 2016, 17, 903 -910.

AMA Style

Wen Song, Xin Zhang, Yi Tian, Li-He Xi. A charging management-based intelligent control strategy for extended-range electric vehicles. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A. 2016; 17 (11):903-910.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen Song; Xin Zhang; Yi Tian; Li-He Xi. 2016. "A charging management-based intelligent control strategy for extended-range electric vehicles." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 17, no. 11: 903-910.

Conference paper
Published: 13 October 2015 in Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation
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ACS Style

Wen Song; Yi Tian; Xin Zhang; Xinn Zhang. The Research on Hybrid Kernel Function Facing Vehicle Driving Pattern Recognition. Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation 2015, 669 -678.

AMA Style

Wen Song, Yi Tian, Xin Zhang, Xinn Zhang. The Research on Hybrid Kernel Function Facing Vehicle Driving Pattern Recognition. Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation. 2015; ():669-678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen Song; Yi Tian; Xin Zhang; Xinn Zhang. 2015. "The Research on Hybrid Kernel Function Facing Vehicle Driving Pattern Recognition." Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation , no. : 669-678.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2012 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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An experimental study on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine operating on different ratio of lower heat value gas–hydrogen mixtures is conducted in a modified single-cylinder engine. The lower heat value gas is composed of CNG (compressed natural gas), N2 (nitrogen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide). The results show that the engine indicated thermal efficiency increased with the increase of hydrogen and CNG fraction in the fuel blends. Engine power is influenced by both lower heat value and hydrogen fraction. HC (hydrocarbon) emissions decrease, CO (carbon monoxide) and NOx (nitric oxides) emissions increase with the increase of hydrogen fraction. An engine operating on lean-burn lower heat value fuel gas–hydrogen mixtures is favorable for getting lower emissions.

ACS Style

Hu Zhunqing; Zhang Xin. Experimental study on performance and emissions of engine fueled with lower heat value gas–hydrogen mixtures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37, 1080 -1083.

AMA Style

Hu Zhunqing, Zhang Xin. Experimental study on performance and emissions of engine fueled with lower heat value gas–hydrogen mixtures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012; 37 (1):1080-1083.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu Zhunqing; Zhang Xin. 2012. "Experimental study on performance and emissions of engine fueled with lower heat value gas–hydrogen mixtures." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 1: 1080-1083.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2010 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the power, efficiency and emissions of an electronic-controlled single-cylinder engine fueled with pure natural gas and natural gas–hydrogen blends, respectively. Replacing the nature gas with hydrogen/methane blend fuels was found to have a significant influence on engine performance. The effects of excess air ratio and spark timing were discussed. The results show that under certain engine conditions the maximum cylinder gas pressure, maximum heat release rate increased with the increase of hydrogen fraction. The increase of hydrogen fraction in the blends contributed to the increase of NOx and the decrease of HC and CO. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased with the increase of hydrogen fraction. Using HCNG at relatively leaner fuel–air mixtures and retarded spark timing totally improved the engine emissions without incurring the performance penalty.

ACS Style

Jian Xu; Xin Zhang; Jianhua Liu; Longfei Fan. Experimental study of a single-cylinder engine fueled with natural gas–hydrogen mixtures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35, 2909 -2914.

AMA Style

Jian Xu, Xin Zhang, Jianhua Liu, Longfei Fan. Experimental study of a single-cylinder engine fueled with natural gas–hydrogen mixtures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2010; 35 (7):2909-2914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian Xu; Xin Zhang; Jianhua Liu; Longfei Fan. 2010. "Experimental study of a single-cylinder engine fueled with natural gas–hydrogen mixtures." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 7: 2909-2914.