Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is critical to maintaining and enhancing the carbon sink of vegetation. Shaoguan is a characteristic forest city in the subtropical region of South China and an ecological barrier in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), playing an instrumental role in protecting water resources, purifying air, and maintaining ecological balance. However, studies that quantify subtropical vegetation NPP dynamics in Shaoguan under the influence of climate and human drivers are still incomplete. In this research, vegetation NPP at 30 m resolution was estimated from 2001 to 2020 using the enhanced CASA model based on the GF-SG algorithm in Shaoguan. The RESTREND method was then utilized to quantify climatic and human effects on NPP. The results indicated that the vegetation NPP in Shaoguan increased rapidly (4.09 g C/m²/yr, p < 0.001) over the past 20 years. Climate and human drivers contributed 0.948 g C/m²/yr and 3.137 g C/m²/yr to vegetation NPP, respectively. Human activity plays a major role in vegetation restoration through ecological projects, whereas vegetation deterioration is primarily attributable to the combined action of climate change and human activity, such as urban expansion, deforestation, and meteorological disasters. The results emphasize the importance of ecological projects for the restoration of vegetated ecosystems and ecological construction in Shaoguan.

Light environment is very important for enclosed spaces without natural light. This study aims to explore the preferences of workers for luminous environment in different enclosed spaces during different schedules. Two enclosed spaces of different sizes were constructed as experiment scenes, 6 light conditions with illuminance (200lx and 300lx) and CCT (3000K, 4500K and 5500K) were compared. Eight healthy males were recruited and experienced all light conditions during day and night schedule. D2 test, VAS-F scale and VSD scale were used to measure work performance, fatigue and visual perception, respectively. The results shown that participates have higher preference and coziness for big space. Compared with day schedule, the work performance of worker is worse at night according to the less uncompleted number and higher fatigue level. High illuminance (300lx) can decrease uncompleted number and relieve fatigue. Although participates felt livelier atmosphere under 300lx and 5500K, they had a preference for 3000K.

El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) consistently modulates climate patterns in terrestrial ecosystems, triggering vegetation greening or browning. Although vegetation dynamics in the tropics during ENSO has been widely reported, the response of vegetation greening in the near-tropics to ENSO remains uncertain. Here, we explored vegetation greening near the Tropic of Cancer in China (TCC) during three sustained ENSO events during 2001–2018 based on long-term MODIS satellite Leaf Area Index (LAI) products (i.e., MOD15A2H). The results revealed a pronounced asymmetry in vegetation greening responses to ENSO near the TCC. Specifically, vegetation browning during strong La Niña (i.e., LAI anomalies about −0.15) is twice as high as vegetation greening during strong El Niño (i.e., LAI anomalies about +0.05). In La Niña, vegetation browning was accompanied by negative surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies, while in El Niño, vegetation greening was dominated by a positive anomaly in precipitation. This study emphasizes the distinct impact of ENSO on vegetation greening in the near-tropics, providing important insights into the response of vegetation dynamics to climate extremes under a warming world.