Chickpeas are basic food in many countries with several cultivars distributed all over the world. However, little is known about their secondary metabolites. Thus, this work is focused on the study of the phenolic profiles of seven Egyptian cultivars of chickpea. Selecting the most appropriate extraction method and analytical conditions using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, with a core–shell column, and coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MS), a total of 96 phenolic compounds were characterized based on their retention time, UV spectra, and accurate MS and MS² data. Among them, the major phenolic subclasses were hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonoids. Moreover, other minor and major metabolites including organic acids, amino acids, nucleosides, peptides and soyasaponins were characterized. Using standards, 22 compounds were unequivocally identified. Remarkably, 88 of these compounds were tentatively reported for the first time in chickpeas. The total phenol content of the cultivars was determined as well as the antioxidant activity by the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay.

Fruit and leaf essential oils of Schinus molle showed insect repellent and insecticidal activity against Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum. In these oils, 65 components were identified by GC-MS analysis. Hydrocarbons dominated the oil composition with monoterpenes occurring in the largest amounts in fruits and leaves, 80.43 and 74.84%, respectively. p-Cymene was identified as a major component in both oils. The high yield and efficacy of S. molle essential oil against T. granarium and T. castaneum suggest that it may provide leads for active insecticidal agents.

Agri-food residues represent a rich source of nutrients and bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds. The effective utilization of these by-products in food supplements and the nutraceuticals industry could provide a way of valorization in the transition to becoming more sustainable. In this context, the present study describes the phenolic profiling of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cake using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Compounds were characterized based on their retention time, UV spectra, accurate mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS data along with comparison with standards, whenever possible, and the relevant literature. The characterized compounds (112 metabolites) belong to several classes, namely, phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids), flavonoids, and lignans. Moreover, organic acids and some nitrogenous compounds were characterized. The total phenol content and the antioxidant activity of the cake extract were determined. This study provides useful information for the valorization of by-products from the sesame oil industry.

The objective of our study is to highlight the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action by which purified Flaxseed hydrolysate (PFH) which is a lignan rich fraction exerts its anticancer activity on a human breast cancer cell line (T47D) and in mice bearing tumor. HPLC analysis of PFH of six flaxseed cultivars had shown that PFH of the cultivar Giza 9 (PFH-G9) contains the highest concentration of SDG (81.64 mg/g). The in vitro cytotoxic potentiality of PFH’s of six flaxseed cultivars was screened against a panel of human cancer cell lines. PFH -G9 showed the most significant cytotoxic activity against ER-receptor positive breast cell lines MCF7 and T47D with IC₅₀ 13.8 and 15.8 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, PFH-G9 reduced the expression of the metastasis marker, 1-α, metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most potent stimulators of angiogenesis, while it increased the caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. Our study also showed that dietary intake of 10% of Giza 9 Flaxseeds (FS), fixed oil (FSO) or Flax meal (FSM) twice daily for 3 weeks in mice-bearing solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) resulted in reducing the tumor volume, the expression of estrogen, insulin growth factor, progesterone, VEGF and MMP-2, but enhanced expression of caspase-3.

Aim and backgroundMarrubium vulgare is used in traditional medicine in some countries such as Mexico in the treatment of diabetes. On the other hand, some studies reported the antioxidant effect of the extract due to its flavonoid content. The current study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial part of M. vulgare in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials and methodsThe antidiabetic activity of a daily single oral dose of 500mg/kg/day of M. vulgare for 28days was evaluated by measuring the fasting blood glucose and the peak of blood glucose level within 120min of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in diabetic rats. In addition, the effect of the extract on blood plasma insulin was measured as well as its effect on tissue glycogen contents in muscles and liver. Moreover, its effect on the oxidant status was evaluated.ResultsM. vulgare significantly reduced the blood glucose level starting on the second week. Furthermore, the extract of M. vulgare showed significant increase in plasma insulin and tissue glycogen contents. The antidyslipidemic effect was demonstrated by a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), while the cardio-protective lipid, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), was increased.ConclusionThe present data suggest that M. vulgare’s methanolic extract has antihyperglycemic with antidyslipidemic effect. The protective effect of the extract may be in part due to its antioxidant activity