Among the vast class of porous carbon materials, N-doped porous carbons have emerged as promising materials in catalysis due to their unique properties. The introduction of nitrogen into the carbonaceous matrix can lead to the creation of new sites on the carbon surface, often associated with pyridinic or pyrrolic nitrogen functionalities, which can facilitate various catalytic reactions with increased selectivity. Furthermore, the presence of N dopants exerts a significant influence on the properties of the supported metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, including the metal dispersion, interactions between the metal and support, and stability of the metal nanoparticles. These effects play a crucial role in enhancing the catalytic performance of the N-doped carbon-supported catalysts. Thus, N-doped carbons and metals supported on N-doped carbons have been revealed to be interesting heterogeneous catalysts for relevant synthesis processes of valuable compounds. This review presents a concise overview of various methods employed to produce N-doped porous carbons with distinct structures, starting from diverse precursors, and showcases their potential in various catalytic processes, particularly in fine chemical synthesis.

In the last decade, MOFs have been proposed as precursors of functional porous carbons with enhanced catalytic performances by comparison with other traditional carbonaceous catalysts. This area is rapidly growing mainly because of the great structural diversity of MOFs offering almost infinite possibilities. MOFs can be considered as ideal platforms to prepare porous carbons with highly dispersed metallic species or even single-metal atoms under strictly controlled thermal conditions. This review briefly summarizes synthetic strategies to prepare MOFs and MOF-derived porous carbons. The main focus relies on the application of the MOF-derived porous carbons to fine chemical synthesis. Among the most explored reactions, the oxidation and reduction reactions are highlighted, although some examples of coupling and multicomponent reactions are also presented. However, the application of this type of catalyst in the green synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds through cascade reactions is still a challenge.

Las metodologías activas transforman la experiencia de aprendizaje, empoderando a los estudiantes y promoviendo su autorregulación. Por medio de la metodología de aula invertida se ha reorganizado la dinámica de las asignaturas de química, proporcionando material previo para que los estudiantes lo asimilen antes de la clase. Durante las sesiones en el aula, se ha buscado fomentar la resolución de dudas y la interacción activa por medio del trabajo colaborativo, aumentando de esta manera las relaciones interpersonales y mejorando el clima de aula. Este estudio analiza cómo estas metodologías influyen en la autorregulación de los alumnos, abordando aspectos como la planificación de estudios y la comprensión profunda de conceptos, observándose como los buenos hábitos de autoorganización suelen mantenerse y una buena valoración de la metodología cuanto mayor es la autorregulación del alumnado