Background/Objectives: During the past decade, incorporating innovative teaching strategies for active learning, such as the use of escape rooms (ERs), has effectively contributed to the acquisition of the necessary skills. This study aimed to assess students’ opinions, engagement, and gameful experience, and to analyse the impact of engagement and gameful experience on students’ opinions about ER activity. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, quantitative, and interventional cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Fundamentals course. The ER activities took place in a faculty classroom. The measure included a questionnaire for assessing students’ opinions about ER activity, engagement while learning through play, and the Gameful Experience Scale. Results: The students reported very positive opinions on the outcomes of escape room activities. According to the students’ perception, solving puzzles required a high level of cognitive, emotional, physical, and other engagement. The experience of learning through play contributed to their increased enjoyment, absorption, and creative thinking, with a low level of negative effects and dominance. Enjoyment, immersion, and creative thinking during the gameful experience explained 49.0% of the variance in students’ opinions on ER activity. Conclusions: ER enabled students to consolidate knowledge from various fields within one lesson, encouraging them to be highly engaged and think creatively, giving them a sense of enjoyment in learning and motivation for further learning.

Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis is characterised by the manifestation of heterogeneous symptoms that affect daily functioning. Patients face physical impairment, psychological problems and socioeconomic changes. Depending on the form of the disease, they may have different needs, which are often unsatisfied and could be overcome by including palliative care in the treatment. Despite the above, not enough is known about this population’s needs for palliative care. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the need for palliative care and assess the functional dependence level in daily living activities in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The sample consisted of 120 patients from the Neurology Clinic of the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia. The following research instruments were used: a General questionnaire, Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale and Barthel Index. Results: The need for palliative care was expressed by 36.7% of patients, who expressed the most concern for the physical symptoms, independence and activity domains. Also, it was determined that the disease prevents patients from doing demanding physical tasks and that they are worried about multiple sclerosis. Almost a quarter of patients have had complete/severe dependence on other persons in performing daily activities. Conclusions: The most frequently reported physical symptoms by patients with MS were weakness, bladder problems, fatigue and different levels of dependence, while concerns related to sexual health, low mood and anxiety emerged as key challenges in the psychological domain. These findings underscore the importance of conducting needs assessments to guide the development of an appropriate palliative care model for MS patients.

Background and Objectives: Cognitive disorders are a significant health problem in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and can profoundly impair both quality of life and treatment outcomes. Early identification of risk factors for the development of cognitive disorders in this population is therefore essential. This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients on peritoneal dialysis, (2) examine its association with sociodemographic characteristics, and (3) assess whether anaemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction in these patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2024 at the University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Clinic for Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, and included 36 patients on peritoneal dialysis. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive function, while a structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data. Anaemia was determined based on haemoglobin levels. Results: Cognitive dysfunction was present in 69.4% of patients on peritoneal dialysis, while anaemia, as indicated by haemoglobin values, was present in 58.3% of the sample. Older age, rural residence, and lower haemoglobin levels were significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Conclusions: Preserved cognitive function is a key prerequisite for the adequate implementation of peritoneal dialysis and for maintaining patients’ quality of life. The findings indicate the need for further research to identify effective strategies for preventing and treating anaemia, a factor associated with cognitive dysfunction in this patient population.

Introduction. Colon cancer is a public health problem due to its frequency. According to the number of diagnosed cases, it is the third most common malignant tumor in the world in people of both sexes, and even the second most common in terms of mortality. The incidence is higher in developed regions, although increase is recorded in the developing countries due to changes in the living habits of the population. Operation is the method of choice in the disease treatment, and the performance of colostomy affects the patient?s life, although it significantly prolongs it. Material and Methods. Literature review available in scientific databases was used as material in order to present significant results of the latest existing research in the selected area. Results. A wide range of studies conducted to observe the predictive factors, which in different ways affect the quality of life of patients with colostomy, confirm that the psychological aspects of the newly created situation have the most prominent importance in further life. In addition to possible problems with nutrition, stoma care, dressing, physical activity, professional and sexual life, and travel, it seems that coping with stress and changes in physical appearance are the fields on which the most work should be directed by both the family and the patient, as well as members of the medical team. Conclusion. The quality of life of people with colostomy is interference of medical and rehabilitation treatment, and it depends on the patient?s willingness to cooperate during the entire treatment, care and rehabilitation process. All reference bodies and institutions should undertake activities to design a comprehensive strategy for improving life quality, primarily through the prism of improving one?s own body image, functional status, psychological and social support.

Objective. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to identify the factors that influence the formation of medical and nursing students' attitudes towards individuals with ID. Methods. Data from the literature were collected using PubMed, KoBSON, and Google Scholar databases. The access was provided to free full texts in both English and Serbian. Results. Based on the review of research results, it is possible to identify a range of different factors that have both positive and negative influences on the formation of medical and nursing students' attitudes towards individuals with ID. Some of these factors include: gender, year of study, previous experience with individuals with ID, and prior knowledge about this population. Conclusion. Considering the attitudes of medical and nursing students towards individuals with ID is significant, as their attitudes will greatly shape the approach to healthcare for this population. Furthermore, the attitudes of future healthcare professionals can be a key factor in creating or mitigating inequalities in the healthcare system for individuals with ID.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that most often affects elderly people. The disease is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, motor (tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity) and non-motor (neurological and psychiatric disorders, sleep problems, disorders of the autonomic nervous system, etc.), which as the disease progresses lead to significant disability, dependence in performing daily activities activities and impaired quality of life. Given that there is no therapy that could cure, slow down or stop the further development of the disease, it is necessary to include palliative care and a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of patients. A palliative approach includes recognition of the palliative needs of patients at all stages of the disease, compassion for diagnosis and prognosis, treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms, as well as social, emotional and spiritual aspects, preservation of autonomy, advance care planning and family support. Control of symptoms in Parkinson's disease is carried out by pharmacological treatment, application of complementary non-pharmacological methods and alternative therapy (music, dance, tai chi, massage therapy, application of acupuncture, homeopathy). Also, deep brain stimulation can treat certain symptoms. Treatment varies according to the stage of the disease. Due to the natural course of the disease, individual needs may vary between patients, and for this reason the selection of members of the multidisciplinary team should be based on the needs of each individual. With palliative care with a holistic approach and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team, most symptoms can be controlled. In this way, support can be given to caregivers, which significantly contributes to a better quality of life for both patients and their families, i.e. caregivers.