Solar energy capacity has increased significantly globally, with values above 800 GW produced by different systems. Among these, PVT panels can generate either electricity, heat, or both. As these systems present various issues associated with excessive temperature increases, cooling systems have been developed to control the temperature using fluids such as water. The article uses previous data from the Technologic Institute of Sonora, which analyzed various cooling device configurations and selected the best two options (B1 and B4) based on the panel efficiency. Using the boundary conditions and the predicted streamlines, a simulation was made in CFD programs, determining the correct parameters to replicate the system fluid dynamics. Several simulations were carried out using different turbulence models. After comparing the temperature contour diagram and the streamline, it was obtained that the k-ω turbulence model best describes the fluid's behavior. The transient analysis simulations allow us to determine that the B1 configuration delivers the best cooling effect as it presents the most homogeneous temperature profile. BIAS and RMSE were calculated to validate and contrast the results obtained experimentally, obtaining values of 0.8675 and 1.8981, respectively.

This document presents a study of thermal inertia in the subsoil adjacent to the Civil Engineering laboratory of the Technological Institute of Sonora (ITSON) in the south of Sonora, Mexico, in service of the development of a solution proposal of a ground-coupled air heat exchanger for the cooling months. The research was divided into three phases: first, the monitoring of temperature in 10 layers of the ground; second, the analysis of thermal ground properties; and last, the design and simulation of a ground-coupled air heat exchanger. The objectives were to determine the variation in the thermal inertia of the soil with depth and over time and to determine the optimum depth for a ground-coupled heat exchanger system. The second objective was to develop a design proposal for a ground-coupled heat exchanger for the university laboratory. We found that the optimum depth is 3.0 m in a soil with high-compressibility clay with 21% humidity and 0.152 W/mK of thermal conductivity. However, the proposed design identified the best depth for the cooling system as 3 m considering a ground-coupled heat exchanger for a volume of 222.2 m³, corresponding to the volume of the classrooms of the building. With this design, the approach was to reduce the temperature by at least 10 °C on the hottest day (41 °C) of the year studied. We concluded that with this kind of system, the climate of the building studied could reduce the thermal load of active AC systems and reduce the energy load by 59%.