The creep and destructuration characteristics of soft clay are always coupled under loading, making it difficult for engineers to determine these related p

An integrated model that considers multiphysics is necessary to accurately analyze the time-dependent response of hydraulic structures on soft foundations. This study develops an integrated superstructure–foundation–backfills model and investigates the time-dependent displacement and stress of a lock head project on a soft foundation during the construction period. Finite element analyses are conducted, incorporating a transient thermal creep model for concrete and an elasto-plastic consolidation model for the soil. The modified Cam-clay model is employed to describe the elasto-plastic behavior of the soil. Subsequently, global sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the relative importance of the model parameters on the system’s response, using Garson’s and partial derivative algorithms based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network. The results indicate that the integrated system exhibits pronounced time-dependent displacement and stress, with dangerous values appearing during specific periods. These values are easily neglected, highlighting the importance of integrated time-dependent analysis. Construction activities, particularly the backfilling process, could cause a sudden change in stress and significantly impact the stress redistribution of the superstructure. Additionally, the mechanical properties of concrete have a significant impact on the stress on the superstructure, while the mechanical properties of the soil control the settlement of the integrated system.

The preservation of the ancient seawall site is a focal point and challenge in the protection of historical relics along Hangzhou’s Grand Canal in China. This endeavor holds significant historical and contemporary value in uncovering and perpetuating Hangzhou’s cultural heritage. Researchers investigating the Linping section of the seawall site aimed to address soil site deterioration by selecting environmentally friendly alkali-activated slag cementitious materials and applying the response surface method (RSM) to conduct solidification experiments on the seawall soil. Researchers used the results of unconfined compressive strength tests and microscopic electron microscopy analysis, considering the comprehensive performance of soil solidification mechanisms and mechanical properties, to establish a least-squares regression fitting model to optimize the solidification material process parameters. The experimental results indicate that the optimal mass ratio of lime, gypsum, and slag for achieving the best solidification process parameters for the seawall soil, with a 28-day curing period, is 1:1.9:6.2. This ratio was subsequently applied to the restoration and reconstruction of the seawall site, with parts of the restored seawall exhibited in a museum to promote the sustainable conservation of urban cultural heritage. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the protection and restoration of soil sites.

This study investigates the efficacy and safety of steam cleaning technology for the removal of surface contaminants from stone cultural relics at the Tomb of Yue Fei, a nationally protected heritage site in China. The research focuses on common pollutants including dust accumulation, surface encrustation, hydro erosion, bioerosion, and anthropogenic graffiti. An evaluation method based on infrared thermography is proposed to assess cleaning effectiveness by analyzing temperature variation (T) before and after treatment. Field experiments were conducted using a steam cleaner with controlled parameters (pressure, temperature, angle, distance, and duration), and cleaning outcomes were evaluated through visual inspection, chromatic aberration measurement, and microscopic imaging. Results demonstrate that steam cleaning effectively removes most contaminants without causing significant damage to the stone substrate. The study also provides a set of recommended steam cleaning parameters for different pollutant types on limestone surfaces. The findings validate the feasibility of using infrared thermography as a non-destructive evaluation tool for cleaning efficacy, contributing to the development of standardized protocols for the conservation of stone heritage.

This study investigates the efficacy and safety of steam cleaning technology for the removal of surface contaminants from stone cultural relics at the Tomb of Yue Fei, a nationally protected heritage site in China. The research focuses on common pollutants including dust accumulation, surface encrustation, hydro erosion, bioerosion, and anthropogenic graffiti. An evaluation method based on infrared thermography is proposed to assess cleaning effectiveness by analyzing temperature variation (T) before and after treatment. Field experiments were conducted using a steam cleaner with controlled parameters (pressure, temperature, angle, distance, and duration), and cleaning outcomes were evaluated through visual inspection, chromatic aberration measurement, and microscopic imaging. Results demonstrate that steam cleaning effectively removes most contaminants without causing significant damage to the stone substrate. The study also provides a set of recommended steam cleaning parameters for different pollutant types on limestone surfaces. The findings validate the feasibility of using infrared thermography as a non-destructive evaluation tool for cleaning efficacy, contributing to the development of standardized protocols for the conservation of stone heritage.

This study investigates the efficacy and safety of steam cleaning technology for the removal of surface contaminants from stone cultural relics at the Tomb of Yue Fei, a nationally protected heritage site in China. The research focuses on common pollutants including dust accumulation, surface encrustation, hydro erosion, bioerosion, and anthropogenic graffiti. An evaluation method based on infrared thermography is proposed to assess cleaning effectiveness by analyzing temperature variation (T) before and after treatment. Field experiments were conducted using a steam cleaner with controlled parameters (pressure, temperature, angle, distance, and duration), and cleaning outcomes were evaluated through visual inspection, chromatic aberration measurement, and microscopic imaging. Results demonstrate that steam cleaning effectively removes most contaminants without causing significant damage to the stone substrate. The study also provides a set of recommended steam cleaning parameters for different pollutant types on limestone surfaces. The findings validate the feasibility of using infrared thermography as a non-destructive evaluation tool for cleaning efficacy, contributing to the development of standardized protocols for the conservation of stone heritage.