In this paper, a blockchain-enabled distributed market framework is proposed for the bi-level carbon and energy trading between coal mine integrated energy systems (CMIESs) and a virtual power plant (VPP) with network constraints. To maximize the profits of these two entities and describe their complicated interactions in the market, the bi-level trading problem is formulated as a Stackelberg game considering integrating the energy market and the “cap-and-trade” carbon market mechanism. Meanwhile, in the CMIES, energy recovery units and belt conveyors can be flexibly scheduled and the pumped hydroelectric storage in the VPP is scheduled for energy management. To tackle uncertainties from PV outputs, the joint trading, and the energy management is solved by the distributionally robust optimization (DRO) method. In addition, for participants' privacy, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) - based DRO algorithm is applied to solve the trading problem in a distributed framework. Further, the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) blockchain is deployed to develop a safe and anonymous market platform. Finally, case studies along with numerous comparison cases are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the system operation cost and regional carbon emission, reduce the conservativeness and protect the privacy of each participant.

Faults may be generated in power networks as a result of bad weather, human activities or some other factors. The complex structure of power network adds to the difficulty of fault location (FL). This paper presents a novel FL scheme by utilizing the information of the time differences of arrival (TDOAs) of modal traveling waves (MTWs) asynchronously sampled in the network. First, the fault area is determined by searching the minimum TDOA of MTWs. Then, by applying the fictitious fault point method in the fault area, the minimum accumulated difference is used to detect the fault line. Finally, the accurate FL is estimated by solving the objective function of the absolute distance between the FL and multiple FL candidates. Various simulations are carried out in IEEE 30-bus system. The calculation results demonstrate that the method is not affected by fault impedance, inception angle, location and noises to a certain extent.

Latency Attacks become emerging new types of cyber attacks with widely applied wireless wide-area network and internet of things (IoTs) technologies. The power system can suffer from several even tens of seconds of malicious time delay instead of normal latency of mere several milliseconds. Consequently, this exorbitant time delay or latency attack will significantly influence the system dynamics and stability. In this paper, from the perspective of parameter tuning, we study how to enhance the system redundancy of a secondary frequency control system with a high-order complex power system model under latency attacks. The tuning aims to achieve the maximal stability region under latency attacks and is performed with the aid of exhaustive and heuristic search methods. By testing the tuning method using a more practical and detailed power system model, it shows that the stability of the tuned system is greatly enhanced under latency attacks.

The feeders in distribution networks can be generally classified into two types: homogenous and hybrid feeders. Hybrid feeders consist of non-homogeneous line segments. In this paper, a fault location scheme is proposed for distribution grids with both homogenous and hybrid feeders using the edge computing. The standard transient amplitude ratio arrays of the hybrid feeders are first constructed and stored at the edge nodes. Then, an accurate fault location model is trained by the radial basis function neural network and stored in the substation server. To achieve this goal, the transients are first sampled at the measurement nodes and transmitted to the edge nodes nearby. The amplitudes are then extracted to determine the faulty branch. For a hybrid feeder, the actual amplitude ratio array is compared with the standard one to identify the faulty line segment. Finally, the amplitude ratio of the two transient components with different frequencies at one terminal of the faulty section is computed and transmitted to the server. Based on the model of a distribution network built by PSCAD/EMTDC, extensive fault simulations are studied. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.