Background and Aim: The analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters is widely used in assessing animal health status. Limited information is available on trace element levels and their association with hematological and biochemical parameters in Omani goats suffering from emaciation. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the levels of some trace elements in emaciated Omani goats and their relationship with hematological and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: Goats suffering from emaciation and muscular dystrophy (n=18) were compared with healthy goats (n=12). Venous blood samples for the hematological, biochemical, and trace element analysis were collected from the jugular vein. Results: Emaciated goats showed significantly lower white blood cell, lymphocyte, and red blood cell counts than the healthy goats. In contrast, the percentages of monocytes and eosinophils were higher in emaciated goats than in healthy ones. In addition, emaciated goats showed higher levels of biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total bilirubin but lower levels of albumin than the healthy goats. The results of trace element analysis revealed lower concentrations of zinc, iron, and selenium in serum from emaciated goats than in serum from healthy goats. Conclusion: This study identified significant differences in the serum levels of some trace elements and hematological and biochemical parameters between healthy and emaciated Omani goats. The identified differences represent valuable diagnostic biomarkers for the evaluation of the health status of Omani goats.

The transverse momentum (p_T) spectra of protons (p), deuterons (d), and tritons (t) in 200 GeV gold–gold (Au + Au) collisions at RHIC are examined across a range of centrality bins using the Levy Tsallis (TS) statistical model. The model's predictions closely match the experimental results from PHENIX (p) and STAR (d and t) Collaborations. Kinetic freeze-out temperatures of hadrons are obtained from particle spectra. The results showed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature decreases as collisions move from center to the periphery. This work found mass-dependent kinetic freeze-out temperatures, heavier particles arrive to the freeze-out phase before lighter ones. Comparison with same data fitted by blast wave function with Tsallis statistics (BWTS) showed that T₀ values are increasing from central to peripheral collisions, while in case of TS function (current analysis) it decreases. This behavior puts a question mark on the reliability of using such functions for temperature extraction.

We present a multiwavelength study of the filamentary cloud G47 (d ∼ 4.44 kpc), which hosts the mid-infrared bubbles N98, B1, and B2. The SMGPS 1.3 GHz continuum map detects ionized emission toward all the bubbles, marking the first detection of ionized emission toward the B2 bubble. Analysis of the unWISE 12.0 μm image, the Spitzer 8.0 μm image, and the Herschel column density and temperature maps reveals two previously unreported hub–filament system candidates associated with the H ii regions B2 and N98, which are powered by massive OB stars. This indirectly favors the applicability of a global nonisotropic collapse scenario for massive star formation in N98 and B2. The position–position–velocity diagram of FUGIN ¹³CO (1–0) shows significant velocity variations from 61 to 53 km s⁻¹ toward areas between B2 and N98, where the magnetic field morphology exhibits significant curvature and high velocity dispersion (i.e., 2.3–3.1 km s⁻¹) is observed. This may be explained by the expansion of the H ii regions B2 and N98. The energy budget of the cloud, estimated using SOFIA/HAWC+ and molecular line data, suggests that the magnetic field dominates over turbulence and gravity in G47. Furthermore, the radial column density and velocity profiles of G47 display signatures of converging flows in a sheet-like structure. The relative orientations between the magnetic field and local gravity suggest that G47 may undergo gravitational contraction along the magnetic field lines once it becomes magnetically supercritical.

Cytological and bacterial analyses are vital for diagnosing equine conjunctival diseases. These analyses facilitate accurate pathogen detection and enable targeted treatments. The present study aimed to describe and compare the conjunctival cytology and bacterial flora of clinically healthy Arabian horses and those with conjunctivitis in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Eighteen Arabian horses, including 5 healthy and 13 with conjunctivitis, were referred to King Faisal Hospital and examined. Healthy horses were distinguished from those with conjunctivitis through case history and an ocular examination. Conjunctival swabs were collected for cytological analysis and for aerobic bacterial culture and identification, with Diff-Quik staining. Differential cell counts were compared across the groups, and the findings were correlated with bacterial isolates. Biochemical identification of bacterial isolates was performed using conventional methods, including Gram staining and catalase and oxidase tests. Healthy horses exhibited a cytological profile primarily composed of superficial epithelial cells (59 ± 12.0%), with only a small number of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils. In contrast, horses with conjunctivitis exhibited a significant decrease in superficial epithelial cells (28 ± 17%) and a significant increase in basal cells (5 ± 3.5%). Conjunctival samples exhibited marked neutrophilia (32 ± 12.5%) and a significant increase in eosinophils (12 ± 9.5%) compared to healthy controls, indicating an inflammatory condition in the conjunctiva. Bacterial growth was found in 40% of healthy horse samples and in 92% of infected horse samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate in infected horse samples. Gram-negative bacteria, including Moraxella sp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella sp., were isolated from 7 of 13 affected horses and were associated with a severe neutrophilic response (39 ± 6.5%) and significant epithelial disruption. Conjunctivitis in Arabian horses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia was characterized by neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation with concurrent epithelial disruption.

This study aimed to describe the anatomical and morphological features of cranial suture joints in sixteen sheep skulls and to compare these findings with those reported in other domesticated species. The study of cranial sutures extends beyond morphology to elucidate mechanisms of skull growth, as suture patterns function as regulatory units in cranial development, highlighting the important roles in comparative and evolutionary studies, age estimation, and fracture identification, and serving as reference points in veterinary surgery and radiography. A detailed anatomical examination of sheep skulls was performed to identify and classify cranial sutures based on their morphology and anatomical location. Sutures were categorized according to their structural patterns and regional distribution within the cranium. Twenty-eight cranial sutures were identified and classified into four morphological types: serrated, plane, squamosal and foliate. These sutures were distributed across the dorsal, ventral, lateral–vertical, and internal cranial regions, reflecting the complex organization of cranial bones, indicating intraspecies diversity influenced by species-specific cranial architecture and developmental factors. The absence of certain sutures, such as the sagittal suture in sheep, was found. This study provides a detailed anatomical reference for cranial sutures in sheep. In sheep, suture morphology is closely related to the skull’s adaptation to mechanical stresses during growth, including forces generated by fighting and self-defense behaviors and high chewing mechanics. The findings offer valuable baseline data for veterinary clinicians and anatomists in distinguishing normal anatomical patterns from congenital cranial abnormalities.

The study of veterinary anatomy is gradually progressing with the combination of digital imaging and artificial intelligence (AI). This paper aimed to evaluate the potential use of AI tools for morphometric analysis and the anatomical identification of the ovine brain. Five adult specimens were used and approached through traditional dissection and fixation methods followed by digital photography and manual measurement with high-precision Vernier calipers. These results were compared against AI-based approaches, including DeeVid AI for 3D reconstruction, Imageonline for digital measurement, and ChatGPT/Artlist for anatomical nomenclature. The findings indicate that AI tools like DeeVid AI significantly enhance structural visualization, and Imageonline provides high-precision measurements comparable to manual tools (p > 0.05). However, AI-driven anatomical naming remains prone to significant errors, with ChatGPT and Artlist exhibiting error rates of 87.5% and 70.8%, respectively, in specific neuroanatomical labeling. This study concludes that while AI eases the reshaping and measurement of anatomical structures, human expertise remains indispensable for accurate anatomical identification.