The yield of Eucalyptus regnans logs for lumber production was evaluated. Crack width and length at each log end were measured. Two log-cutting plans were used to obtain sawn lumber. The first plan (PA) considered logs with diameters varying from 28 to 40 cm, and in the second plan (PB), the log diameters ranged from 42 to 56 cm (PB). Lumber yield was determined using two log volume methods: the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) and Smalian’s equation. The deformations of E. regnans lumber were measured. The Australian and Chilean standards were used to classify sawn lumber. The results showed that logs had radial cracks at both log ends. Cracks were classified into two groups, considering the crack length. Regarding the lumber deformations, most boards exhibited level B bows and crooks in both cutting plans. Levels A and B twists were prevalent in PA, whereas in PB, level A significantly outnumbered level B. The lumber yield of E. regnans in PB was higher than in PA. The lumber yield determined by Smalian’s equation was higher than that determined by the JAS method. This research provides insight into the characterization of E. regnans for lumber production, highlighting its relevance in the forestry industry.

This study aimed to develop a model using experimentally obtained convective heat and mass transfer coefficients to predict the effect of temperature, humidity, and drying rate on wood drying. Tangential wood samples of Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) were used in the investigation. The experimental design consisted of two temperature levels (40 °C and 55 °C), two relative humidity levels (55% and 75%), and two air velocity settings (2 m·s⁻¹ and 3 m·s⁻¹). The experiments were conducted under a constant evaporation rate, spanning the maximum and critical moisture content in the wood. A statistical model using multivariate regression was created to predict the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients. The results indicated that the experimental data and empirical correlations exhibited an error margin of 37.77% and 37.86%, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the convective heat transfer coefficient and air velocity, temperature, and relative humidity, while the convective mass transfer coefficient showed a significant positive correlation only with air velocity and temperature. The model predicted the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients with high accuracy and statistical significance. Using the proposed method, we successfully obtained both convective coefficients, which enable accurate description of heat and mass flow during the convective drying of Eucalyptus nitens wood.

Global warming is a problem that threatens humanity, with livestock being one of the causes. A systematic literature review was carried out by using some appropriate elements of the PRISMA statement to identify disciplines that work to mitigate the effects of the livestock industry by organizing them according to their approach to addressing this problem. The main objective is to find information and classify the disciplines, papers, literature review methodologies, research gaps, authors, and journals developing the management of the cattle supply chain. This paper could analyze and mitigate the adverse effects on society and the environment generated by the industry, organizing them according to their approach. Twenty databases were consulted between March and May 2020, from which 146 review documents were chosen. The papers reviewed were published between 2003 and 2020. The eligibility criteria for selection were open access to the full text, publication in an indexed journal, and a focus on any discipline related to cattle. The unselected papers did not have DOIs or duplicates, and those focused on other types of meat and book chapters. Subsequently, the information in the selected papers was described and consolidated, and these papers had 602 authors and were from 99 journals. Next, a discipline categorization was proposed. The results were organized, showing that among all the analysis criteria, the category of veterinary medicine had the best results in terms of indicators; therefore, additional research is needed on the other disciplines, especially in culture, technology, management, quality control, tanneries, and transportation, as there was less research within these disciplines. It is recommended that research on a mix of the different proposed disciplines be conducted. The proposed categorization’s main contribution is to identify and group the cattle supply chain’s different disciplines and the definition of research gaps organized under a structure organizational management model. Finally, a multicriteria selection methodology must be used that prioritizes the discipline categories proposed in this review to guide future research.

The sustainable management of forest supply chains is particularly challenging in regions affected by socio-territorial conflicts, such as southern Chile, where Indigenous land claims and environmental concerns complicate operations. This study develops and applies a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to support tactical planning of the forest-to-lumber supply chain. The model operates the three pillars of sustainability through representative variables: raw material consumption (economic efficiency), transport distance (environmental impact), and exposure to territorial conflicts (social risk). These sustainability dimensions are consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions). Computational experiments reveal Pareto trade-offs between productive efficiency and social vulnerability, showing that simpler logistics networks can substantially reduce conflict exposure without significant efficiency losses. Additionally, the strategy of minimizing the production of lumber that does not have immediate demand also helps reduce log consumption and improves log yield. The results provide a decision-oriented framework for conflict-sensitive supply chain planning, contributing to more resilient, socially responsible, and sustainable forest operations in Chile.