Anemonopsis Siebold et Zucc. is an unstudied single-species genus belonging to the tribe Cimicifugeae (Ranunculaceae). The only species of this genus—Anemonopsis macrophylla Siebold and Zucc.—is endemic to Japan. There are no data on its chemical composition. This work is the first to determine (with liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, LC-HRMS) the chemical composition of methanol extracts of leaves and flowers of A. macrophylla. More than 100 compounds were identified. In this plant, the classes of substances are coumarins (13 compounds), furocoumarins (3), furochromones (2), phenolic acids (21), flavonoids (27), and fatty acids and their derivatives (15 compounds). Isoferulic acid (detected in extracts from this plant) brings this species closer to plants of the genus Cimicifuga, one of the few genera containing this acid and ferulic acid at the same time. Isoferulic acid is regarded as a reference component of a quality indicator of Cimicifuga raw materials. The determined profiles of substances are identical between the leaf and flower methanol extracts. Differences in levels of some identified substances were revealed between the leaf and flower extracts of A. macrophylla; these differences may have a substantial impact on the manifestation of the biological and pharmacological effects of the extracts in question.

This study focused on Eranthis sibirica and E. tanhoensis (Ranunculaceae), endemic species of Southeastern Siberia. Until recently, these plants had not been sufficiently studied from a phytochemical perspective. The aim of this work was to analyze the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of 70% ethanolic extracts of their leaves. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used to analyze metabolites in Eranthis sibirica and E. tanhoensis extracts. The free-radical-scavenging ability of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH method. LC–HRMS metabolomic profiling of the leaf extracts from E. sibirica and E. tanhoensis revealed a diverse range of phenolic constituents; among them, 25 compounds were annotated for the first time for this genus, while the remaining 19 had been previously reported. These included flavonols (16 components), flavanones (8), flavones and isoflavones (5), chalcones (5), flavans (1), catechins (1), and phenolic acids and their derivatives (8). The E. tanhoensis leaf extracts were found to have higher phenolic content (total phenolic content of 3.07 g per 100 g dry weight) and greater DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 268.45 μg/mL dry weight) than E. sibirica. These findings indicate that the species with the higher phenolic accumulation also displays stronger antioxidant activity, suggesting that both species—particularly E. tanhoensis—warrant further phytochemical and biological investigation.