Diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes are becoming more and more common, raising global concerns about prevention and treatment. An abnormality in cell growth can lead to the formation of tumors or neoplasms. Cancer is a global public health problem and always requires further advances in the field due to the obstacles that arise during treatment. This review explores the role of new quinazolines and their derivatives as potential anticancer agents, with a variety of biological targets. It is a current review that addresses the discovery of new molecules with the potential to go beyond just the studies covered here. Studies have shown that quinazolines are not just molecules of the past, but still have enormous scope for structural modification and should be studied further than they already are. There is clear evidence that quinazolines and their derivatives have wide applicability in the fields of oncology and medicinal chemistry. The studies reported here inform and corroborate the narrative that we cannot forget that the quinazoline nucleus has a huge variety of biological activities and, among them, anticancer activity.

Hyperuricemia and gout are conditions that continue to present significant therapeutic challenges, mainly due to limitations of current treatments which may cause adverse effects such as hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiovascular risks. Additionally, the development of new drugs faces obstacles including toxicity, low bioavailability, and potential drug interactions. In this context, the search for new synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors is essential to improve treatment efficacy, selectivity, and safety. New molecules can not only prolong the duration of therapeutic effects but also minimize adverse reactions. Moreover, several compounds under investigation exhibit additional pharmacological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anticancer properties. Recent research trends also include the use of artificial intelligence, computational modeling, and the exploration of natural products—such as flavonoids and alkaloids—as sources of inspiration for new synthetic inhibitors. Furthermore, strategies like combination therapies are being explored to enhance uric acid excretion. This review conducted a systematic search for new xanthine oxidase inhibitors (2025–2020), focusing on high‐impact publications and organizing the compounds according to their molecular scaffolds (number of rings). This review highlights recent advances in the development of synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors, emphasizing their structural diversity and the continuous relevance of this study area. The discovery of new drug candidates has the potential to provide more effective and safer therapeutic options for patients in the near future.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves an irreversible and progressive neurodegeneration, with multifactorial pathophysiology, including the cholinergic deficit, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Despite the severity of the disease, the therapeutic arsenal is limited, arousing the interest of researchers to search for substances that can act on these markers. Objective: In this review, we highlight some relevant points: the ability of chalcones to act on different targets related to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: cholinesterases, amyloid peptide, beta-secretase and other biomarkers. Method: This mini-review covered the literature concerning chalcones bioactivity from 2010 until now. In addition to the theoretical review, we included the prediction of physicochemical properties, using SwissADME software. Results: We found that the majority of the chalcones have been tested against cholinesterases, with moderate to good potencies, but in recent years, the number of publications related to targets of the amyloid hypothesis has been growing. Regarding the physicochemical properties, chalcones have a good profile, except the water solubility, which is not favorable. Conclusion: The most important characteristic of these molecules,is the given that many of the examples mentioned here act on more than one target, characterizing them as multi-target compounds. Regarding predicted properties, solubility stands out as the most problematic one, however these structures can incorporate functional groups that circumvent this problem of solubility without interfering in the biological activity.

The increasing life expectancy and rising prevalence of cancer emphasize the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Targeted therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment by offering greater specificity and reduced toxicity compared to traditional cytotoxic drugs. Acute leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), remain aggressive malignancies with poor outcomes, particularly in elderly patients. Despite advancements, resistance to chemotherapy and adverse effects necessitate the discovery of novel antitumor compounds. Quinazolines, a versatile class of heterocyclic compounds, exhibit diverse biological activities, including anticancer properties. In this study, 20 derivatives of 2-substituted quinazolin-4­(3H)-ones were synthesized via condensation of 2-aminobenzamide with aldehydes in dimethyl sulfoxide. The compounds were characterized using IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 6 and 17 exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against T cell ALL (jurkat cells) and AML of promyelocytic subtype (APL) NB4 cells, with compound 17 showing IC₅₀ values below 5 μM in both cell types. Compound 6 demonstrated selectivity for Jurkat cells. Further in vitro analyses, including apoptosis/cycle cell assays and pharmacokinetic predictions, confirmed their therapeutic potential. The data open new perspectives for “in vivo” studies concerning the application of quinazolin-4­(3H)-ones in treatment of acute leukemias of lymphoid and myeloid origins.