Zeolites are crystalline metallosilicates displaying unique physicochemical properties with widespread applications in catalysis, adsorption, and separation. They are generally obtained by a multi-step process that starts with primary mixture aging, followed by hydrothermal crystallization, washing, drying, and, finally, a calcination step. However, the zeolites obtained are in the powder form and because of generating a pressure drop in industrial fixed bed reactors, not applicable for industrial purposes. To overcome such drawbacks, zeolites are shaped into appropriate geometries and desired size (a few centimeters) using extrusion, where zeolite powders are mixed with binders (e.g., mineral clays or inorganic oxides). The presence of binders provides good mechanical strength against crushing in shaped zeolites, but binders may have adverse impacts on zeolite catalytic and sorption properties, such as active site dilution and pore blockage. The latter is more pronounced when the binder has a smaller particle size, which makes the zeolite internal active sites mainly inaccessible. In addition to the shaping requirements, a hierarchical structure with different levels of porosity (micro-, meso-, and macropores) and an interconnected network are essential to decrease the diffusion limitation inside the zeolite micropores as well as to increase the mass transfer because of the presence of larger auxiliary pores. Thus, the generation of hierarchical structure and its preservation during the shaping step is of great importance. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive survey and detailed overview on the binder-containing extrusion technique compared to alternative shaping technologies with improved mass transfer properties. An emphasis is allocated to those techniques that have been less discussed in detail in the literature.

Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a powerful and attractive characterization method for obtaining insights into the chemical structure and dynamics of a wide range of materials. Current interest in cellulose-based materials, as sustainable and renewable natural polymer products, requires deep investigation and analysis of the chemical structure, molecular packing, end chain motion, functional modification, and solvent–matrix interactions, which strongly dictate the final product properties and tailor their end applications. In comparison to other spectroscopic techniques, on an atomic level, ssNMR is considered more advanced, especially in the structural analysis of cellulose-based materials; however, due to a dearth in the availability of a broad range of pulse sequences, and time consuming experiments, its capabilities are underestimated. This critical review article presents the comprehensive and up-to-date work done using ssNMR, including the most advanced NMR strategies used to overcome and resolve the structural difficulties present in different types of cellulose-based materials.

Zeolites, as a class of crystalline minerals, find a wide range of applications in various fields, such as catalysis, separation, and adsorption. More recently, these materials have also been developed for advanced applications, such as gas storage, medical applications, magnetic adsorption, and zeolitic-polymeric membranes. To effectively design zeolites for such intriguing applications, it is crucial to intelligently adjust their crystal size, morphology, and defect population in relation to crystal perfection. Optimizing these fundamental parameters necessitates a deep understanding of zeolite formation mechanisms, encompassing the thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation steps as well as crystallite growth. In this review, we discuss the formation of zeolites from this perspective, drawing on recent studies that highlight new achievements in remodeling and modifying zeolite synthesis routes. The ultimate aim is to provide better comprehension and optimize the functionality of zeolites for the aforementioned applications.

The study on the synthesis of zeolites, including both the development of novel techniques of synthesis and the discovery of new zeolitic frameworks, has a background of several decades. In this context, the application of organic structure-directing agents (SDAs) is one of the key factors having an important role in the formation of porous zeolitic networks as well as the crystallization process of zeolites. There are various elements that are needed to be explored for elucidating the effects of organic SDAs on the final physicochemical properties of zeolites. Although SDAs were firstly used as pore generators in the synthesis of high-silica zeolites, further studies proved their multiple roles during the synthesis of zeolites, such as their influences on the crystallization evolution of zeolite, the size of the crystal and the chemical composition, which is beyond their porogen properties. The aim of this mini review is to present and briefly summarize these features as well as the advances in the synthesis of new SDAs during the last decades.

3D printing, particularly bioprinting, has emerged as a transformative technology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, enabling the precise layer‐by‐layer fabrication of living tissues and complex biomaterials. Bioprinting has evolved through advances in printing methods such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), powder bed fusion (PBF), and jetting techniques, each offering distinct advantages for producing high‐resolution, functional constructs. Central to bioprinting is the development of bioinks, primarily composed of natural and synthetic polymers and microbial polysaccharides, which must balance biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, and printability to support viable cell encapsulation and tissue formation. Despite remarkable progress, challenges persist, including optimizing bioink viscosity, cell viability, scaffold structural and functional complexities (vascularization, in vivo functionality), degradation rates, and scalability, as well as addressing regulatory and ethical concerns. Recent innovations, such as cryogenic printing, offer promising solutions by preserving cell viability and enhancing structural fidelity under ultra‐low temperatures. While 3D printing holds immense potential to revolutionize personalized medicine, organ fabrication, and sustainable manufacturing, current technological, biological, and economic constraints temper expectations. Continued interdisciplinary research, material innovation, and refinement of printing technologies are essential to translate 3D bioprinting from experimental platforms to clinical and commercial realities, fulfilling its promise as a cornerstone of next‐generation regenerative therapies and advanced manufacturing.